Idan mai siyan EPC ya aiko min da RFQ na ƙasa na substation, layuka biyu na farko da na karanta sune matsalar wutar lantarki da juriyar ƙasa - ba diamita na sandar ba. Wannan tsari yana da mahimmanci. IEEE Std 80 bai gaya maka ka sayi inci 5/8 ko inci 3/4 ba.sandar ƙasa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa; yana gaya maka ka tsira daga matsala. Diamita da tsawon sandar sun faɗi daga cikin lissafi uku: duba zafi akan wutar lantarki, duba juriya akan ƙasa, da kuma duba taɓawa da mataki akan layin saman. A cikin mafi yawan bayanai da na yi bita, wannan yana sauka akanSandunan ƙarfe masu ɗaure da tagulla na diamita 14.2–19 mm da tsawon 2.4–3.0 m— amma mizani, ba kundin bayanai ba, ne ya kamata ya yanke shawara. Abin da ke biyo baya shine tsarin aikin da nake gudanarwa akan kowanne daga cikinsu.
TL;DR — Amsar Girman Jumloli Huɗu
- Ga matsalar 40 kA, 1 s, lissafin girman mai sarrafa wutar lantarki na IEEE 80 yana buƙatar kusan 141.9 mm² na ɓangaren giciye na jan ƙarfe kawai - don haka ko da ƙaramin sandar mu ta 14.2 mm², a 158.4 mm², tana wucewa da zafin da gefuna zuwa gefe.
- Ninki biyu na tsawon sandar da aka tura daga mita 1.5 zuwa mita 3.0 yana rage juriyar ƙasa da kusan kashi 44% a cikin ƙasa iri ɗaya, yayin da ninki biyu na diamita daga mm 14.2 zuwa mm 25 zai sa ka sami kusan kashi 9% kawai - tsayi shine lever ɗin da ke jure juriya.
- Kashi na rabawar wutar lantarki ta matsala ne kawai ke shiga cikin layin wutar lantarki: a cikin wani akwati da aka rubuta da EasyPower (Bentley Systems), 691 A kawai daga cikin 22 kA na matsala ya haifar da ƙaruwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki - ma'aunin rabawa yana canza kowace lissafi ta ƙasa.
- Layin saman duwatsu mai nisan mm 150–200 wani ɓangare ne na yanayin aminci, ba shimfidar wuri ba: cire shi yana rushe ƙarfin taɓawa mai jurewa a cikin misalin IEEE 80 da aka yi aiki daga 1,314 V zuwa kusan 222 V.
Abin da IEEE 80 Ya Bukaci Sandar Ƙasa Ta Substation Ya Yi
IEEE Std 80 — Jagorar Tsaro a Tsarin Gina Ƙasa na AC, wanda aka sake tabbatarwa kwanan nan a cikin bugu na 2013 — yana nan don amsa tambaya ɗaya: yayin matsalar ƙasa, shin ƙarfin taɓawa da matakan da mutum zai iya fuskanta suna ƙasa da iyakokin da za a iya jurewa? Duk ƙa'idar tana raguwa don kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙididdige da aka ƙididdige da matakan da za a iya jurewa waɗanda suka dogara da tsawon lokacin lahani, nauyin jiki, da kuma saman Layer, a matsayinMataki-mataki na IEEE 80 daga Wind farm BoPyana sanya shi. Sanda na ƙasa na substation ɗinku yana cikin wannan sarkar a wurare biyu: dole ne ya ɗauki rabonsa na wutar lantarki ta hanyar zafi, kuma dole ne ya taimaka wajen riƙe juriyar grid ƙasa sosai don haɓakar ƙarfin ƙasa (GPR) ya kasance mai sauƙin sarrafawa.
Lamba ɗaya tana sake fasalin komai a ƙasa, kuma masu siye suna kewar sa akai-akai:Ba duk wutar lantarki da ke kwarara zuwa cikin grid ɗin ku ba.Wayoyin kariya, murfin kebul, da kuma tsaka-tsaki suna ɗaukar wani ɓangare zuwa ga tushen.Domin kuwa ɓangaren da ke rabewa ne kawai na wutar lantarki ta hanyar layin wutar lantarki na gida, girman kowace sanda da mai jagoranta zuwa ga cikakken wutar lantarki mai daidaito yana ƙara girman jan ƙarfe sau biyu zuwa biyar.Littafin nazarin tushe dagaBentley Systems (Gabatarwa ga Nazarin Ƙasa, 2024)yana aiki da wani yanayi mai ban mamaki: na matsalar 22 kA phase-A, 691 A kawai ya ɗauki hanyar da ta samar da GPR na tsarin ƙasa - sauran sun dawo ta hanyar garkuwar kebul. Jagora dagaJagorar ƙirar ƙasa ta Keentel EngineeringYana sanya ma'aunin raba grid na yau da kullun a kashi 20-50% na jimlar wutar lantarki, ya danganta da adadin hanyoyin kariya da tsaka-tsaki da ke barin tashar.
Mataki na 1 — Fara da Ƙasa, Ba Sanda ba
Kowace lissafin ƙasa da na gani ta yi kuskure ta fara ne da kundin bayanai maimakon binciken juriya. Juriyar ƙasa (ρ) ita ce mafi tasiri a cikin dukkan tsarin IEEE 80, wanda ke gudana daga kimanin Ω·m a cikin yumbu mai danshi zuwa sama da Ω·m 10,000 a cikin busasshen dutse - yaɗuwa sau dubu, bisa ga jagorar BoP ta Wind Farm. Littafin Bentley Systems ya ƙara gaskiyar filin guda biyu: wuraren da ke da juriya iri ɗaya zuwa kowane zurfin gaske ba a samun su ba, kuma a yankunan da ƙasa ke daskarewa, juriya tana hawa sosai saboda motsin ion ya tsaya. Lambar da aka kwafi daga teburin karatu ba ma'aunin wurin ba ne.
Idan masu saye suka tambaye ni yadda zan sami wannan lambar, sai na nuna musu hanyar IEEE Std 81's Wenner mai fil huɗu: fil huɗu a daidai tazara a, wutar lantarki da aka saka ta cikin ma'auratan waje, ƙarfin lantarki da aka karanta a cikin ma'auratan ciki, da kuma ρ = 2πaR. Littafin Bentley ya ba da shawarar a yi amfani da tazara a kan fil zuwa kusan girman grid ɗin, domin wutar lantarki tana yin bincike mai zurfi kamar yadda grid ɗinka yake da faɗi - daidai ƙasar da sandunan ka za su zauna a ciki.Saboda ginshiƙin ƙasa yana da alaƙa da ginshiƙin ƙasa da sandar ta taɓa, sandar mita 3.0 da aka tura zuwa wani yanki mai ƙarancin juriya zai iya doke sandar mita 6.0 da ta makale a cikin busassun layukan sama.
Don sikelin, misalin aikin gona na Wind Farm BoP ya yi amfani da tashar samar da iska mai karfin 110 kV ta gaske: grid mai girman 40 m × 65 m, tazarar jagora mai tsawon mita 4-7, binne 0.5-0.8 m, da kuma sandunan jan ƙarfe da aka ɗora da su na kimanin mita 3 a kewaye da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, a cikin ƙasa mai girman 50-150 Ω·m.
Mataki na 2 - Dubawar Zafi: Shin Sanda Zai Rabu Da Lalacewar Lalacewar?
Daidaito na farko a cikin IEEE 80 ba shi da alaƙa da juriya. Yana tambaya ko mai gudanarwa zai iya shan zafin laifin ba tare da annealing ko haɗuwa ba: A = I × √t₊ / K, inda madaidaitan abu K ke naɗewa a cikin ƙarfin zafi, juriya, da matsakaicin zafin da aka yarda da ƙarfen. Ga jan ƙarfe mai annealed, madaidaitan Tebur 1 na ma'aunin sune ma'aunin juriya na zafi na 0.00393 /°C, juriya na 1.72 μΩ·cm, ƙarfin zafi na 3.42 J/cm³/°C, da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 1,083 °C - wurin narkewa na jan ƙarfe, kamar yadda aka jera a cikin hanyar BoP ta gonar Wind. Gudanar da lambobin tare da lokacin share ƙira na yau da kullun na 1 s da yanayi na 40 °C, kuma ɓangaren giciye da ake buƙata yana aiki zuwa kusan 7.0 kcmil a kowace kA na halin yanzu na lahani - kusan 3.55 mm² a kowace kA.
Ga abin da hakan ke nufi lokacin da nake gudugirman sandar ƙasa ta halin yanzuga mai siye:
| Tsarin matsalar la'akari a sandar | Sashen da ake buƙata | Sanda mai tsawon milimita 14.2 (158.4 mm²) | Sanda mai tsawon milimita 17.2 (232.4 mm²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 kA | 70.9 mm² | Wucewa, 2.2× gefe | Wucewa, gefen 3.3× |
| 25 kA | 88.7 mm² | Wucewa, 1.8× gefe | Wucewa, 2.6× gefe |
| 30 kA | 106.4 mm² | Wucewa, gefe 1.5× | Wucewa, 2.2× gefe |
| 40 kA (mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, babu raba bashi) | 141.9 mm² | Wucewa, gefe 1.1× | Wucewa, gefe 1.6× |
Ina gudanar da shafi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya — cikakken matsalar wuta, babu raba bashi — domin mai siye wanda ya auna shi zai iya kare takamaiman bayanai a cikin kowane bita na ƙira.Domin sandar da ke cikin grid mai sanduna da yawa tana ɗauke da kaso na wutar lantarki ta gida kawai, kuma grid ɗin da kansa yana ganin ɓangaren raba na jimlar matsalar kawai, sandar da aka haɗa ta jan ƙarfe mai girman mm 14.2 wacce ta tsira daga cikakken binciken 40 kA tana ɗauke da babban abin da ke tabbatar da tsaro a duniya.Shi ya sa, lokacin da na karanta takamaiman EPC wanda ya yi tsalle kai tsaye zuwa sandunan mm 25 "don matsalar wutar lantarki," sai na tambayi wane lokaci ne suke tsammani na sharewa da kuma rabon factor - amsar yawanci "babu."
Gargaɗi ɗaya na zafi yana wanzuwa kafin a saya - jaket ɗin. Sandunan da aka lissafa na UL 467 suna ɗauke da aƙalla Layer na tagulla 0.254 mm (mil 10), kuma ina ɗaukar hakan a matsayin ƙasa: layinmu yana riƙe da ≥0.254 mm a ≥99.95% tsarki, wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar gwajin nau'in CEPRI.
Mataki na 3 — Tsawon da Diamita: Wanne Lefa ne ke Rage Juriyar Grid?
Da zarar an rufe duba yanayin zafi,IEEE 80 groundingya zama matsalar juriya. Ga sanda ɗaya a tsaye a cikin ƙasa iri ɗaya, lissafin juriya na ma'auni shine R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1], tare da tsawon sanda L a cikin mita da diamita d a cikin mita. Logarithm shine labarin gaba ɗaya: tsayi yana jagorantar kalmomin layi da na katako; diamita kawai na katako. Lokacin da na gudanar da shi a ρ = 100 Ω·m tare da sandar mu ta 17.2 mm, ina samun 70.6 Ω a 1.2 m, 50.7 Ω a 1.8 m, 39.9 Ω a 2.4 m, da kuma 33.1 Ω a 3.0 m.
| An canza zuwa sandar | Saita | Juriyar Duniya | Ragewa idan aka kwatanta da tushe | direban farashi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akwatin tushe | 17.2 mm × 1.5 m | 58.9 Ω | — | — |
| Ninki biyu na tsawon | 17.2 mm × 3.0 m | 33.1 Ω | ≈ ƙasa da kashi 44% | Nauyin jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe × 2 |
| Ninki biyu na diamita (L = 2.4 m) | 14.2 mm → 25 mm | 41.2 → 37.4 Ω | ≈ 9% ƙasa | Nauyin jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe × 3 |
| Ƙara sanduna a tazara tsakanin tsayin ≥ 1× | Sanduna biyu masu girman 17.2 mm × 2.4 m | ≈ 40 → 22–26 Ω | ≈ ƙasa da kashi 35–45% | Sanduna + haɗin gwiwa + aikin tuƙi |
| Tuƙa zuwa ƙasa mai ƙasa | Kowace binciken ƙasa mai layi | Takamaiman wurin aiki | Yawancin lokaci mafi girman ma'aunin nauyi | Ƙarfi mai zurfi, sandunan da za a iya faɗaɗawa |
Nazarin kwatancen 2025 a cikinKimiyyar Aiwatarwa ta MDPI (ƙananan abubuwa tare da ma'aunin filin a fadin shigarwar 400 V, 10 kV, da 35 kV)ƙasa a kan wannan ƙarshe da na ba wa masu siye, daga ɓangaren kwaikwayo: a cikin ƙasa mai juriya mai ƙarfi, sandunan tsaye masu zurfi suna yin tasiri ga tsari mai zurfi saboda suna isa ga mafi girman hulɗar ƙasa, yayin da grid ɗin kwance ke yin ɗaga nauyi akan watsar da wutar lantarki a fadin filin substation. Binciken ya kuma rubuta ƙarin raguwar juriya daga cikar mai watsawa kamar bentonite ko simintin mai watsawa a kusa da electrode - lever na halal lokacin da ba za ku iya tuƙi da zurfi ba.
Saboda juriyar ƙasa tana raguwa ta hanyar logarithm, mita 3.0 na farko na sandar da aka tuƙa tana yin mafi yawan aikin, kuma mafi kyawun aikin sandar ƙasa don grid na ƙasa shine kusan koyaushe "diamita na yau da kullun, matsakaicin tsayin da za a iya tuƙawa" maimakon "matsakaicin diamita, tsayin da aka saba."Diamita har yanzu tana samun kariya a wurare uku. Ina duba kowace takamaiman bayanai: juriyar tuƙi a cikin ƙasa mai tauri ko mai duwatsu (sanda mai tsawon mm 16-19 tana karkatar da ƙasa da mm 14.2 akan tuƙi mai tsawon mita 3.0), daidaiton zare a haɗe-haɗe don tsawaita gudu, da kuma juriyar tsatsa a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarfi a cikin tsawon shekaru 40-50 na ƙira.
Mai ƙididdige juriya ga sanda ɗaya (ƙididdigar ƙasa iri ɗaya ta IEEE 80)
R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1]. Girman farko kawai — zane-zane na ƙarshe suna buƙatar cikakken tsarin grid na IEEE 80 tare da samfurin ƙasa da aka auna.
Mataki na 4 - Ƙidayar Sanda, Tazarar Rataye, da Inda Sandunan Ke Zuwa Ainihin
A cikin kowane tsari da na yi bita, grid ɗin substation shine jagora na farko sannan sanduna na biyu. A cikin Wind Farm BoP na lissafi - 40 m × 65 m, tazarar jagora na 4-7 m, binne 0.5-0.8 m - sandunan da aka tuƙa na kimanin m3 suna tafiya a kewaye da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, suna yin aiki biyu: aske juriyar grid zuwa cikin ƙasa mai zurfi da kuma ɗaure kusurwoyin inda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na raga ke kololuwa. Dokar tazara ta ga masu siye ta kasance mai tsari kuma mai sauƙi: Ina ajiye sandunan da ke kusa da nisan akalla tsayin sanda ɗaya, saboda sandunan da aka tuƙa kusa da tsayinsu suna raba harsashin juriya da ke haɗuwa da ɓarnar jan ƙarfe. Jagorar ƙira ta Keentel Engineering ta yi daidai da batun farko na kewaye kuma ta lura cewa inda ƙasa mara zurfi ta ƙi yin aiki tare, rijiyoyi masu zurfi na iya watsa yawancin kuzarin lahani - wani lamari da aka rubuta wanda ya ambata ya tura 62% na watsawar yanzu zuwa cikin electrode mai zurfi.
Ina rufe kowace bita ta musamman ta grid da Layer ɗin saman. Lissafin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na IEEE 80's yana nuna wani yanki mai duwatsu da aka murƙushe saboda juriyarsa ta 2,000-10,000 Ω·m yana tsakanin takalman ma'aikaci da ƙasa ta asali; ƙimar ƙira ta yau da kullun tana gudana tsakanin 3,000-5,000 Ω·m a kauri 0.1-0.2 m. Misalin aikin gona na Wind Farm BoP yana ƙididdige abin da ke cikin haɗari: cire tsakuwa da ƙarfin taɓawa mai jurewa a cikin wannan yadi na 110 kV ya faɗi daga 1,314 V zuwa kusan 222 V - ƙasa da ƙarfin lantarki na raga na 880 V da aka ƙididdige, ma'ana farfajiyar ta gaza.Saboda layin dutsen yana ninka iyakar da za a iya jurewa sau da yawa yayin da grid ɗin ke riƙe ainihin ƙarfin lantarki, ba a taɓa kammala bayanin sandar ƙasa ta ƙarƙashin tashar ba har sai wani ya mallaki takamaiman tsakuwa ma.
Abin da Muke Ƙirƙira akan Waɗannan Lambobi
Injiniyanci yana ƙayyade diamita da tsawonsa; aikina shine tabbatar da cewa sandar da ta zo ta dace da takardar ƙayyadaddun bayanai. A masana'antarmu ta Xinchang ina kula da ɓangaren fitarwa na layin da ke samarwa.sandunan ƙasa na jan ƙarfe da aka haɗaa cikin diamita na 14.2–25 mm da tsawon mita 1.2–3.0, tare da layin jan ƙarfe mai haske ≥0.254 mm a ≥99.95% tsarki akan tsakiyar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon (~0.15% C). Injinan suna aiki akan tuƙi na 3.0 m: muna riƙe ƙarfin juriya ≥580 N/mm², madaidaiciya a cikin 1 mm/m, da kuma kusurwar maki 27.5° ± 2.5°, kuma kowane rukuni yana tsira daga lanƙwasa 90° a radius 100 mm ba tare da karyewar jan ƙarfe ko ɓawon ba - yanayin gazawar da ke kashe sanduna masu arha a cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu.
Don gwaje-gwaje masu zurfi masu tsawo - maganin juriya mai ƙarfi na binciken MDPI - maganinmusandunan ƙarfe masu ɗaure da jan ƙarfe na lantarkima'aurata sassan mita 1.2 zuwa cikin electrodes na mita 3-6 ba tare da rasa ingancin jaket ɗin a haɗin gwiwa ba. Inda takamaiman ya buƙaci hanyar plating daban,sandar ƙasa mai rufi da tagullakewayon yana rufe taga ɗaya mai diamita, kuma cikakkenRukunin sandar ƙasaYana lissafa kowace haɗin diamita-tsawon da muke da shi. Ana iya aika EXW, FOB, CIF, ko DDU daga Ningbo ko Shanghai.
Kowace da'awa da ke sama tana da takardu da aka yi amfani da su: tsarin masana'antar ISO 9001, jerin UL 467, da kuma rahoton gwajin CEPRI wanda ya shafi kauri mai layin tagulla, mannewa, da aikin lanƙwasa. QC ɗinmu na ciki yana gudana ƙofofi shida daga ƙarfe mai shigowa zuwa jigilar kaya, kuma bayanan rukuni sune bayanan da ke bayan lambobin da na ambata a cikin wannan labarin. Idan takamaiman bayanin ku yana buƙatar karkacewa - tsayin da ba a saba gani ba, jaket masu kauri, gwajin da aka shaida wa ɓangare na uku - wannan tattaunawa ce da muke yi duk mako, kuma kuna iya fara ta akan namu.shafin tuntuɓa.
Ragewar RFQ Uku da Nake Yi wa Masu Sayayya
Mafi tsadar cirewa ita ce abin da ya raba. Yawancin RFQs da na buɗe suna nuna matsalar wutar lantarki - a ce 40 kA - kuma babu wani abu, wanda ke tilasta wa kowane sanda da mai jagoranta girman kamar dai cikakken 40 kA ya shiga grid ɗin. Ba ya shiga.Saboda wayoyin garkuwa da kuma murfin kebul suna ɗauke da mafi yawan wutar lantarkin da ke dawowa zuwa tushen, takamaiman da aka rubuta ba tare da ma'aunin rarrabawa na yanzu ba yana gina jan ƙarfe sau biyu zuwa biyar fiye da yadda farfajiyar za ta taɓa samarwa.— Akwatin Bentley Systems da aka yi aiki da shi ya sanya lambobi na gaske a kai: 22 kA na kuskure, 691 A cikin grid. Don haka amsar farko da na bayar ga kowace RFQ ba ambato ba ce; buƙata ce ta lambobi huɗu: 3I₀, rabon X/R, lokutan sharewa na farko da na madadin, da kuma abin da ake buƙata don ƙididdige shi. Masu siye waɗanda ke da su suna samun takamaiman bayani; masu siye waɗanda ba su sami ginshiƙin ra'ayin mazan jiya ba, kuma suna biyan kuɗin sa da jan ƙarfe.
Na biyu da aka cire shi shine samfurin ƙasa da aka yi wa ado da ƙimar ƙasa. Layin da ke karanta "juriyar ƙasa: 100 Ω·m" ya gaya min wani ya buɗe littafin karatu, saboda littafin Bentley ya yi magana a sarari cewa ba kasafai ake samun wuraren da ke juriya iri ɗaya ba, kuma ƙasar hunturu da ta daskare tana tura juriya sosai. Kafin in yanke shawara kan tsawon sanda, na nemi hanyar Wenner mai fil huɗu - wurare da yawa, tazara tsakanin fil zuwa mafi tsayin layin grid, kimanin mita 76 don yadi 40 × 65 m. Binciken ya yanke shawara ko kuna buƙatar sandunan mita 2.4, sandunan mita 3.0, ko igiyoyi masu zare masu faɗaɗawa zuwa wani yanki mai zurfi; kundin ba zai iya ba.
Na uku da aka rasa shi ne kayan tsaro guda biyu da babu wanda ya mallaka. Na ɗaya shine hanyar haɗi: a bar shi ba a fayyace ba kuma ɗan kwangilar ya girka duk wani maƙalli da ke kan motar, kuma haɗin gwiwa ɗaya da ya lalace ya zama wurin da lissafin IEEE 80 bai taɓa tsammani ba - shi ya sa na rubuta walda mai zafi a cikin layin RFQ iri ɗaya da sandar. Na biyu kuma shine layin dutse da aka murƙushe, wanda sayayya ke ɗaukarsa a matsayin shimfidar wuri yayin da lissafin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa ke ɗaukarsa a matsayin kayan aikin aminci: a cire shi kuma misalin 110 kV da aka yi aiki ya faɗi daga 1,314 V mai jurewa zuwa kusan 222 V akan ƙarfin lantarki na raga na 880 V. Bayan waɗannan ukun, RFQ har yanzu yana buƙatar kayan layinsa na yau da kullun - diamita, tsayi, layin jan ƙarfe ≥0.254 mm, tensile ≥580 N/mm² - tare da layuka uku na shaidar gwaji da aka rufe a cikin Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi a ƙasa.
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Wace sandar ƙasa ce ta ƙasa ta ƙasa ta ƙasa ta fi dacewa da yawancin ƙa'idodin EPC?
A cikin bayanan da na yi bita, diamita na 16–19 mm (5/8–3/4 inci) a cikin tsawon mita 2.4–3.0 yana rufe yawancin tashoshin watsawa da rarrabawa. Lissafin zafi ba kasafai yake tilasta diamita ba - sandar 14.2 mm ta riga ta wuce 40 kA, duba 1 s - don haka direbobin suna tuƙi da ƙarfi, girman zaren da aka haɗa, da kuma izinin tsatsa. Na ambaci 17.2 mm a matsayin tsoho - yana share ajin zaren 5/8 kuma yana tuƙi mita 3.0 kai tsaye.
Shin sanda mai tsayi ko kauri ya fi kyau don rage juriya ga grid?
Tsawon lokaci, kusan koyaushe - tsawon ninki biyu daga mita 1.5 zuwa mita 3.0 yana rage juriya kusan kashi 44% a cikin ƙasa mai girman 100 Ω·m iri ɗaya, yayin da diamita mai ninki biyu daga 14.2 mm zuwa 25 mm yana yanke kusan kashi 9% kawai. Inda dutsen ke iyakance zurfin, ƙara sanduna a tazara mai tsawon sanda ɗaya ko amfani da bentonite backfill, wanda binciken MDPI Applied Sciences na 2025 ya nuna har yanzu yana ba da raguwa mai ma'ana.
Nawa ne adadin wutar lantarki da ke kwarara zuwa cikin grid ɗin ƙasa?
Kashi na rabawa kawai - yawanci kashi 20-50% ga kowane jagorar ƙira ta Keentel Engineering, kuma wani lokacin ƙasa da haka. Littafin nazarin ƙasa na Bentley Systems yana aiki da matsalar 22 kA phase-A inda 691 A kawai ya ratsa ta hanyar da ke haifar da ƙaruwar ƙarfin ƙasa na grid; wayoyi masu kariya da sheaths na kebul sun ɗauki sauran. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa abin da ya raba daga binciken ƙasa ya zama dole a cikin RFQ ɗinku kafin a tattauna kowane diamita na sanda.
Shin IEEE 80 yana buƙatar sandunan ƙarfe masu ɗaure da tagulla, ko kuma tagulla mai ƙarfi?
IEEE 80 an yi shi ne bisa ga aiki — yana saita ma'aunin zafi, juriya, da taɓawa/mataki, ba kayan samfuri ba. Karfe mai ɗaure da tagulla ya zama sandar ƙasa ta asali saboda tsakiyar ƙarfe yana ba da ƙarfin tuƙi don shigarwa na mita 2.4–3.0 yayin da jaket ɗin tagulla ke ɗauke da wutar lantarki kuma yana tsayayya da tsatsa; UL 467 yana daidaita jaket ɗin 0.254 mm mafi ƙarancin. Tagulla mai ƙarfi yana tuƙi ba shi da kyau a cikin ƙasa mai tauri; ƙarfe mai galvanized ya rasa hujjar tsatsa.
Yaya zurfin sandunan ya kamata a tuƙa su, kuma yaya nisa tsakanin su ya kamata a yi?
A cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai da na amince da su, aikin da aka saba yi shine sandunan mita 2.4–3.0 a ƙasa da grid ɗin da aka binne zurfin mita 0.5–0.8, tare da sandunan a kewaye da wuraren kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, an raba su aƙalla tsawon sanda ɗaya a nesa don haka harsashin juriyarsu ba ya haɗuwa. Inda binciken ƙasa ya nuna wani Layer na sama mai juriya akan zurfin mai jagoranci, sandunan da zare masu faɗaɗa suna ba ku damar tuƙi mita 6 ko zurfi - binciken kwatantawa na MDPI ya tabbatar da cewa sandunan da ke tuƙi masu zurfi sune mafi ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa mai juriya mai ƙarfi.
Shin sandunan ƙasa za su iya gyara wurin da ke da juriya sosai?
Ba koyaushe ba ne, kuma gaskiya a nan tana adana kuɗi. Idan lissafin ƙasa iri ɗaya ya rasa abin da ake so, tsani da aka tabbatar shine: electrodes masu zurfi da ake tuƙawa, ƙarin sanduna a tazara mai kyau, cikewar mai sarrafawa (bentonite ko siminti mai sarrafawa, wanda aka rubuta a cikin binciken MDPI), kuma a ƙarshe zurfin rijiyoyin ƙasa - Keentel ya ambaci wani lamari inda electrode mai zurfi ya ɗauki kashi 62% na watsawar wutar lantarki ta matsala. Sandunan sune mafi arha na farko, amma samfurin ƙasa ya kamata ya zaɓi matakin.
Waɗanne takardun gwaji ya kamata in nema daga mai samar da sandar ƙasa?
Matakai uku: jerin (UL 467 ko makamancin haka) wanda ke tabbatar da ajin samfurin; gwajin nau'in da aka amince da shi - namu shine CEPRI - wanda ke rufe kauri mai layin tagulla, mannewa, da lanƙwasa; da kuma bayanan matakin rukuni da ke nuna jan ƙarfe ≥0.254 mm, tensile ≥580 N/mm², da lanƙwasa 90° a radius 100 mm ba tare da barewa ba. Idan mai samarwa ba zai iya samar da dukkan ukun ba, ba ku da wata shaida da ke nuna cewa sandar ita ce abin da takardar bayanai ke iƙirari.
Shin kana da girman grid ɗin substation idan aka kwatanta da IEEE 80 a yanzu?
Aiko min da halin yanzu na matsalarka, lokacin sharewa, rabon rabo, da kuma samfurin ƙasa — Zan dawo cikin kwana ɗaya na aiki tare da shawarar tsawon diamita, lissafi a bayansa, da kuma ƙiyasin farashi.Fara tattaunawar a shafin tuntuɓar mu →
Ina kula da fitar da na'urorin samar da ƙasa da kariya daga walƙiya daga masana'antarmu ta Xinchang, ina duba ƙayyadaddun tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na IEEE 80 tare da EPC da masu siyan kayan aiki a ƙasashe sama da 40.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-06-2026