Kwata na ƙarshe na zauna a kan wani bita na ƙira na hasumiya mai hawa 28 - ba a matsayin mai lura ba, amma a matsayin mai samar da kayayyaki wanda za a rubuta samfurinsa a cikin takamaiman bayanai. Mai ba da shawara na MEP ya juya zuwa takardar kariyar walƙiya, ya kalli takardar tashar jiragen sama, ya yi wa ɗakin tambaya ɗaya:"Shin wannan sandar tana yin aikin da muka ƙididdige, ko kuma kawai alama ce a kan zanen?"Babu wanda ya amsa na tsawon daƙiƙa goma. Na kalli wannan shirun a cikin aiki bayan aiki, kuma shine dalilin da ya sa na rubuta wannan jagorar.
Ga gaskiyar kasuwanci da na gani daga ɓangaren masana'anta:Da zarar nau'in tashar jiragen sama ya sauka a cikin takamaiman bayani, tattaunawar alamar wannan ginin ta ƙare.Ɗan kwangilar zai sayi abin da zane ya ce, adadin ya bi tsarin rufin, kuma injiniyan bita zai duba bin ƙa'idar da mai ba da shawara ya ambata. Don haka shawarwarin da aka yanke a teburin zane - matakin kariya, hanyar kariya, kayan ƙarshe da tsayin ɗagawa - su ne shawarwarin da suka fi muhimmanci. Duk abin da ke ƙasa shine siyan kaya.
Na shafe shekaru 12 ina samar da tashoshin jiragen sama ga manyan ayyuka, kuma masu ba da shawara waɗanda suka sami amincewa sosai duk suna tsara shawarar ta hanya ɗaya. Na taƙaita wannan tsarin zuwa sassa huɗu.
Gyara matakin kariya kafin ka taɓa shafin samfuri
Matakan kariya na IEC 62305 I–IV sun saita radius na birgima - mita 20, 30, 45 da 60 bi da bi - kuma kowace lissafin ƙasa tana gadar wannan lambar. Asibitoci da hasumiyai masu nauyi na bayanai galibi suna sauka a Mataki na I ko II; manyan gidaje na yau da kullun galibi suna zaune a Mataki na III ko IV. Idan matakin ba daidai ba ne, babu tashar jiragen sama a duniya da ke ceton ƙirar.
Zaɓi hanyar kariya da gangan, ba bisa ga al'ada ba
Hanyar kariya ta kusurwa mai digiri 65 (radius ≈ 2.14×h) sauƙaƙawa ce da ke aiki ga ƙananan tsayi. Sama da mita 60, ina tura kowane mai ba da shawara zuwa ga hanyar birgima, saboda hanyar kusurwa tana nuna ɗaukar hoto a hankali yayin da tsayi ke ƙaruwa. Hanyoyin haɗa hoto a kan zane ɗaya shine sharhin bita da na fi gani.
Kayyade tashar ta hanyar kayan aiki da aiki, ba ta hanyar "sandar walƙiya ba, babu 1."
Layin tashar jiragen sama mai takamaiman yana ɗauke da kayan aiki (kashi 99% na jan ƙarfe mai tsarki ko ƙarfe mai rufi da jan ƙarfe), diamita (12-15 mm), tsayi (0.5/0.75 m ko takamaiman aikin), ƙimar iska (sama da m 50/s ga tsayin gine-gine) da kuma bayanin abin da aka ɗora. Takardar "sandar walƙiya" mai layi ɗaya tana miƙa shawarar ga mafi ƙarancin mai neman.
Rubuta iyakokin tsarin: tashar, mai sarrafa ƙasa, ƙasa
Tashar iska tana katsewa ne kawai. Zane dole ne ya haɗa shi da masu saukar da ƙasa da kuma ƙarshen ƙasa na 10 ohms ko mafi kyau, tare da nau'in sassan da aka gwada bisa ga IEC 62561. Tashar mai kyau a kan hanyar da ta karye bayanin alhaki ne, ba tsarin kariya ba.
Me Yasa Matakin Zane Yake Shawartar Sayen Gine-gine Gabaɗaya?
Ina so in yi magana a fili game da wannan, domin ya ɗauki shekaru ina ɓangaren samar da kayayyaki kafin in ga hakan a sarari. Da zarar an yi tayin ya isa akwatin saƙona, an riga an yanke shawarwari masu ban sha'awa. Lissafin adadi yana cewa "sandar tashar jiragen sama ta jan ƙarfe, 14 mm, 0.75 m" saboda wani mai ba da shawara ya rubuta wannan layin watanni da suka gabata.Domin kuwaTakaddun bayanai sun yi tafiya ba tare da an haɗa su ba tun daga ƙirƙirar ƙira zuwa takardun tayin a yawancin ayyuka, takardar mai ba da shawara ta tsara ajin samfurin don kowane bene na ginin.
Shi ya sa nake ɓatar da lokaci ina amsa tambayoyin masu ba da shawara kyauta. Idan wata cibiyar ƙira ta tambaye ni ko kusurwar digiri 65 za a iya kare ta a kan hasumiya mai tsawon mita 90, ba wai kawai ina taimaka mata ba ne - ina taimakawa wajen rubuta layi wanda za a saya sau arba'in, tamanin, da ɗari biyu. Idan kai ne mai ba da shawara da ke karanta wannan, irin wannan ƙarfin yana hannunka, kuma ba ya kashe maka komai fiye da samun sassa huɗu daidai.
Sarkar tana aiki kamar haka: matakin kariya yana bayyana yanayin ƙasa; yanayin ƙasa yana bayyana adadin tashoshi da tsawonsu; kayan da cikakkun bayanai na hawa suna bayyana abin da aka yi oda.Domin kuwaKowace mataki tana ninka wacce ke gabanta, ba za a iya gyara jumlar farko mara kyau ta hanyar yin amfani da kalmomi masu kyau daga baya ba - kuskuren yana haɗuwa cikin kowace tashar da ke kan rufin.
Kusurwar Mirgina ko Kusurwar Digiri 65: Wace Hanya Ce Ta Dace Da Zane Mai Tashi Mai Tsayi?
Kasidar mu ta bayyana kusurwar kariya a sarari - digiri 65, tare da radius na kariya mai dacewa sau 2.14 tsayin sandar. Wannan adadi halal ne na kimiyyar lissafi don hanyar kusurwoyi masu kariya, kuma a kan tubalan hawa biyar ba ni da wata jayayya da shi. Amma ina ba da shawara ga masu ba da shawara kada su fitar da shi zuwa ayyukan hawa masu tsayi, kuma ga dalilina.
Hanyar kusurwa tana ɗauka cewa yankin da aka kare yana girma a layi tare da tsayi. Hanyar juyawa - tushenIEC 62305-1— ba ya yi: an birgima wani yanki mai tsawon mita 20, 30, 45 ko 60 a kan ginin, kuma duk abin da ƙwallo ba za ta iya taɓawa ba yana da kariya.Domin kuwaIsawar yankin yana miƙewa yayin da sandar ke tashi idan aka kwatanta da radius ɗin ƙwallo, yana ninka tsawon mast ɗin ko kusa da haka, yana ninka radius ɗin da aka kare. Mai ba da shawara wanda ya auna ƙa'idar 2.14×h a kan facade mai tsawon mita 100 yana ɗaukar kariya wanda yanayin ƙasa ba ya goyan baya.
| Hanyar | Tsarin mulki | Mafi dacewa | Hukuncin manyan gidaje |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusurwar kariya (65°) | Radius ≈ 2.14 × tsayin sanda | Rufin ƙasa mai sauƙi, mai sauƙi, ƙananan ƙarin girma | Yi amfani da hankali; yana ɗaukar fiye da mita 60 |
| Juyawa mai zagaye | Sphere r = 20/30/45/60 m ta matakin kariya | Duk wani tsari, kowane tsayi; tsarin-bitar tsari na asali | Hanyar farko da aka ba da shawarar |
| Hanyar raga | Girman raga 5×5 m zuwa 20×20 m ta matakin | Jiragen saman rufin lebur, masu jagoranci na parapet | Haɗa tare da sanduna a kusurwoyi da wuraren shuka |
A kan hasumiyai na gaske, ba kasafai nake ganin hanya ɗaya tilo ba. Tsarin nasara a cikin ayyukan da muke samarwa shine na'urar sarrafa raga a kusa da parapet, tashoshin iska a kusurwoyi da kuma mafi girman injin, da kuma tabbatar da tsarin gaba ɗaya - daidai hanyar da aka tsara.IEC 62305-3yana bayyana tsarin kariya ta zahiri.
Ɗaya daga cikin halaye da nake ba da shawara ga kowace cibiyar ƙira da nake aiki da ita: ajiye bayanin hanyar shafi ɗaya kusa da zane wanda ke rubuta matakin kariya, hanyar sanyawa da aka zaɓa da kuma radius na ƙwallo da aka yi amfani da shi. Lokacin da aikin ya wuce ta hanyar injiniyan ƙima - kuma zai - wannan shafin shine abin da ke hana mai binciken adadi mai kyau canza ajin ƙarshe ba tare da sake gudanar da yanayin ba. Na ga maye gurbin da ba a rubuta ba sau ɗaya ya rage rufin rufin, wanda aka gano kawai a lokacin gwajin miƙa mulki, kuma farashin sake yin aiki ya rage duk abin da aka adana musanyar. Minti goma da shafin zai ɗauka a teburin zane sune inshora mafi arha a cikin dukkan fakitin kariyar walƙiya.
Me Ya Kamata Layin Tashar Jirgin Sama Ya Faɗa A Gaskiya?
Idan na duba takardun da aka bayar, mafi rauni shine layin tashar jiragen sama da kanta. "Sandar walƙiya, cikakke, 1 lot" ba ta gaya wa mai tayin komai ba kuma tana kare mai shi daga komai. Layin da ya tsira daga injiniyanci mai daraja da bita na ƙira yana ɗauke da fannoni shida, kuma na kalli masu bita suna duba kowannensu:
| Fili | Misalin shigarwa | Me yasa mai bita ya damu |
|---|---|---|
| Kayan Aiki | Tagulla tsantsa kashi 99%, ko kuma ƙarfe mai rufi da tagulla inda aka tsara sata ko kasafin kuɗi | Rayuwar tsatsa da kuma jituwa da galvanic tare da tsarin rufin |
| diamita | 12 / 13 / 13.5 / 14 / 15 mm | Taurin inji da kuma sashin da ke ɗauke da wutar lantarki |
| Tsawon | 0.5 m / 0.75 m, ko kuma takamaiman aikin | Yana saita tsayin tip ɗin da lissafin tazara ya ɗauka |
| Tushen kariya | Kewaya mai birgima, Mataki na III (r = 45 m) | An kulle yanayin kowane matsayi na tashar da aka duba akansa |
| Ƙimar iska | Gudun iska mai jurewa sama da m50/s | Dogayen rufin suna ganin iska ta gaske; tashar da ta lanƙwasa tana motsa ƙarshen a hankali |
| Matsakaicin sashi | An gwada nau'i zuwaIEC 62561-2 | Yana tabbatar da cewa tashar ta tsira daga bugun da aka tsara don ta kutsa kai |
Lura da abin da ya ɓace daga wannan teburin: sunan kamfani. Ina faɗin haka a matsayina na mai ƙera kayayyaki - kyakkyawan bayani yana nuna aikin kamfani kuma yana ba wa kamfanoni damar yin gasa bisa ga shaida.Domin kuwaLayin ƙayyadadden yana bayyana takaddun shaida na gwaji, sanarwar kayan aiki da ƙimar iska wanda mai neman nasara dole ne ya samar, yana tace masu samar da kayayyaki fiye da kowane jerin sunayen da aka zaɓa.sandar iska ta jan ƙarfeTakardun bayanai a matsayin ma'aunin tsari don samfurin takamaiman ku, ina aika su ga masu ba da shawara idan an buƙata.
Tsarkakken Tagulla, Karfe Mai Rufi Ko Allura Guda Daya: Ta Yaya Kayan Aiki Ke Taswira Zuwa Azuzuwan Aiki?
Kayan aiki shine inda na ga masu ba da shawara suna yin bayani fiye da kima kuma ba su faɗi daidai gwargwado ba, don haka bari in ba ku taswirar da nake amfani da ita lokacin da wata cibiyar ƙira ta tambaye ni kai tsaye.
Tagulla tsantsa kashi 99%- namusandar jan ƙarfe mai tsarki ta allura ɗayashine zaɓin tunani — yana samun matsayinsa a hasumiyai masu daraja, ayyukan bakin teku da kuma duk inda mai ba da shawara ya so labarin tsatsa mai shekaru sama da 30 tare da ƙarancin kalmomin gyara. Yana da tsada sosai, kuma a kan ginin tarihi, rufin shine wuri na ƙarshe da za a yi tattalin arziki.Karfe mai rufi da tagulla- kamar yadda muke a yausandar walƙiya ta tagulla— yana ba ku yanayin saman jan ƙarfe akan tsakiyar ƙarfe wanda ke tsayayya da lanƙwasawa da sata na yau da kullun, kuma shine ainihin tsoho ga manyan gidaje masu hawa. Abin da na mayar da hankali a kai shine tashoshi masu launin tagulla marasa alama akan ayyukan ƙayyadaddun bayanai-by-default: idan zane bai faɗi abin da aka yi sandar ba, wurin zai sami duk abin da ya fi arha a wannan watan.
Wani ƙarin bayani game da gine-gine masu tsayi: a tsayin da ke kusan mita 200 - iyakar da aka ƙididdige sandunanmu - Ina ɗaukar gyaran injina da halayen iska a matsayin abubuwan ƙayyadaddun matsayi na farko, ba kayan haɗi ba. Tashar da ke lanƙwasa a gudun mita 40/s ta canza yanayin da lissafin juyawar ku ya ɗauka, kuma babu wanda ke sake gudanar da lambobin bayan guguwa.
Tashoshin iska masu tsayi na jan ƙarfe masu tushe a kan rufin gidaje masu tsayi, cikakkun bayanai game da gyara da ƙimar iska suna cikin sashe ɗaya da sandar kanta.Menene Mai Bita Zai Duba Da Gaske A Lokacin Amincewa Da Tsarin Zane?
Sharhin amincewa ya bambanta dangane da kasuwa, amma bayan shekaru 12 na goyon bayan gabatarwa zan iya hasashen tambayoyin guda huɗu da kwarin gwiwa. Na farko:wane matakin kariya ne, kuma ina ne kimanta haɗarin da ke tabbatar da hakan?Na biyu:wace hanyar sanyawa, kuma shin zane yana nuna siffar ƙwallo ko ginin kusurwa?Na uku:an gwada nau'in abubuwan haɗin- Saitin takardar shaidar IEC 62561 -ko kuma kawai an bayyana shi?Na huɗu:shin sarkar ƙarewa ta isa ga ƙasa mai bin ƙa'ida?A cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai da Arewacin Amurka ya shafa, tambayoyi huɗu iri ɗaya sun zo sanye daNFPA 780ƙamus maimakon ƙamus na IEC; injiniyanci tattaunawa ɗaya ce.
Ina da tayin da ake buƙata ga cibiyoyin ƙira: aika min da tsarin rufin da matakin kariya, kuma ina mayar da tsarin tashar da aka yiwa alama tare da lissafin tazara da aka nuna - iri ɗaya lissafi a cikin mai taimaka wa a sama. Mun riga mun yi wa masu gidaje bayani game da mahimman bayanai a cikin bayaninmu akanyadda sandunan walƙiya ke kare gini; sigar mai ba da shawara ta wannan tattaunawar ita ce wannan labarin, tare da lissafin da ya rage. Ga hasumiyai masu la'akari da tashoshin fitar da hayaki mai saurin ratsawa maimakon sandunan gargajiya, kwatancen da na yi daRadius na kariyar ESE da Franklin, farashi da bin ƙa'idodiya ƙunshi wannan shawarar, kuma cikakken jerin yana cikin namuRukunin sandar walƙiya.
Iyalan tashar jirgin sama, mai ba da shawara, suna zaɓar daga: sandunan jan ƙarfe mai allura ɗaya, tashoshi masu matakai da yawa da kan ESE — kowannensu yana da aji na aikin da za a iya kare shi.Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Zan iya haɗa hanyoyin birgima da hanyoyin kusurwar kariya a kan zane ɗaya?
Ina ba da shawara a kan hakan. Kowace hanya tana da daidaito a cikin gida, amma haɗa su yana sa ba zai yiwu a yi bincike kan ikirarin kariya ba a lokacin bita. Zaɓi yanki mai juyawa a matsayin hanyar aikin, kuma yi amfani da adadi na digiri 65 kawai a matsayin duba lafiyar jiki akan ƙananan ƙarin haɗin gwiwa.
Shin tashar jiragen sama mai tsayi koyaushe ta fi kyau a kan rufin sama mai tsayi?
A'a. A kan rufin jirgin, yanayin siffar ƙwallo yana nufin sandar 0.75 m ta riga ta rufe radius mai amfani; yin tsayi yana siyan raguwar rufewa kuma yana ƙara lokacin iska da tasirin gani. Tsawo yana samun kariya daga wurare da kusurwoyi na shuke-shuke, ba a matsayin haɓakawa a bargo ba.
Yaushe ne babban hawa zai tabbatar da tashar ESE maimakon sandunan gargajiya?
Idan sawun rufin ya yi yawa idan aka kwatanta da adadin masts ɗin da tsarin ginin zai iya karɓa, ko kuma lokacin da abokin ciniki ke son kai ɗaya da ya rufe wani mass na podium-plus-hasumiya. Kan ESE yana ƙididdige radius tare da dabarar NF C 17-102 da kuma gwajin ci gaba mai haifar da matsala; sandunan gargajiya sun fi sauƙi, sun fi araha a kowane maki kuma ba sa buƙatar na'urorin lantarki. Dukansu suna da kariya - cokali mai yatsu yana magana ne game da yanayin ƙasa da sha'awar kulawa, ba salon ba.
Shin tashar jiragen sama ta jan ƙarfe tana buƙatar ƙasa mai keɓewa, ko kuma za ta iya raba ƙasan ginin?
Raba ƙasa da aka haɗa, wanda aka haɗa shi da haɗin ƙasa shine amsar da ta dace a cikin aikin IEC 62305 da NFPA 780 - haɗin ƙarewar ƙasa na kare walƙiya yana cikin tsarin kayan aikin ginin. "Ƙasar walƙiya" daban, wacce aka keɓe, tana haifar da bambance-bambancen da za su iya lalata kayan aiki yayin yajin aiki.
Wane diamita ya kamata in yi amfani da shi idan injiniyan gine-gine ba shi da fifiko?
Shawarar da nake bayarwa ta asali ita ce ta jan ƙarfe mai tsarki ko ƙarfe mai rufin ƙarfe mai tsawon mm 14 don aikin hawa mai tsayi: tauri mai ƙarfi don tsawon mita 0.75 kyauta a cikin iskar rufin, sashin wutar lantarki mai daɗi, da kuma girman samarwa na yau da kullun maimakon na musamman. Sauka zuwa mm 12 kawai a kan ƙananan hanyoyin haɗin da aka rufe.
Tashoshi nawa ne rufin hasumiya na yau da kullun zai buƙaci?
A kunna mai taimakawa a sama a kowane gefen rufin da yankin shuka - wannan ƙidayar wucewa ta farko yawanci tana cikin kashi goma cikin ɗari na tsarin ƙarshe. Kusurwoyi da mafi girman shuka kusan koyaushe suna ɗaukar matsayi ba tare da la'akari da abin da lissafin tazara ya ba da izini ba, kuma mai jagoran raga yana cika shingen da ke tsakaninsu.
Aika Tsarin Rufin. A dawo da Tsarin Tashar da Aka Yi Alamar Sawa.
Tsayin gini, tsarin rufin gini da matakin kariya — shi ke nan abin da nake buƙata. A cikin kwanaki biyu na aiki za ku sami tsarin ƙarshe tare da lissafin juyawa, layin samfuri wanda aka shirya don takamaiman bayanai, da kuma nassoshi na takardar shaidar gwaji ta IEC 62561 da bitar ku za ta buƙata.
Na shafe shekaru 12 ina aikin kare walƙiya da kuma dakatar da harkokin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje, yawancinsu suna amfani da waya tare da masu ba da shawara na MEP da cibiyoyin ƙira a daidai lokacin da ake rubuta layin tashar jiragen sama a cikin takamaiman tsari. Teburin zane shine inda ake samun kariya mai kyau ta walƙiya, kuma shine tattaunawar da na fi jin daɗinta.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-22-2026