- Ga yawancin grid ɗin substation na IEEE Std 80, muna ƙayyade sandunan ƙasa da aka haɗa da jan ƙarfe.Diamita 14.2–19 mm (5/8″–3/4″)kumaTsawon mita 2.4–3.0 (ƙafa 8–10)- diamita don tsawon lokacin tsatsa, tsawon juriya.
- Ninki biyu na tsawon sanda yana rage juriya da kusan kashi 40%; ninka girmansa da kusan kashi 10% kawai - tsawonsa shine madaurin ƙira, diamita shine madaurin tsawon rayuwarka.
- Masu sarrafa grid na IEEE 80 masu girman thermal suna da ƙarfin zafi akan matsalar wutar lantarki, amma muna auna sandunan bisa ga samfurin ƙasa, lokacin sharewa na daƙiƙa 0.1-0.5, da kasafin kuɗin tsatsa na shekaru 40-50 - ba ƙarfin da ya dace ba kawai.
- A kan odar siyan, muna kulle layin tagulla mai girman ≥ 0.254 mm, tsarkin tagulla ≥ 99.95%, da kuma ƙarfin tagulla ≥ 580 N/mm² — layuka uku da suka raba sandar shekaru 50 da sandar shekaru 10.
- Mun gina kalkuleta mai juriya ga sanda ɗaya, teburin kwatanta abubuwa, da kuma jerin RFQ mai layi 7 da za ku iya liƙa a cikin tayin ku na gaba.
Ga grid ɗin ƙasa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda aka tsara don IEEE Std 80, amsarmu mai amfani ita ce: ƙayyade sandunan ƙasa na ƙarfe masu ɗaure da tagulla waɗanda diamitansu ya kai 14.2–19 mm da tsawonsu ya kai 2.4–3.0 m a matsayin tsoho, kuma a karkace ne kawai lokacin da samfurin juriyar ƙasa ko kasafin kuɗin tsatsa ya faɗi haka.Bugun da ake amfani da shi a yanzu, IEEE Std 80-2013 (an sake tabbatar da shi a 2023), ba ya ba ku tebur mai diamita na sandar - yana ba ku damar taɓawa da iyakokin ƙarfin lantarki na matakai, lissafin haɗa na'urar jagoranci, da kuma tsarin ƙira da samfurin ƙasa ya dogara da shi.Jagorar IEEE 80 ta E&S Grounding Solutions, ƙa'idar tana kula da tashoshin AC na 1 kV ko sama da haka kuma OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269 ta yi nuni, wanda ke nufin ƙirar grid ɗinku takardar bin ƙa'ida ce, ba shawara ba.
Na shafe shekaru 12 ina gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin kariya daga walƙiya, da kuma ayyukan RFQ marasa ƙayyadadden ƙa'ida.sandunan ƙasa na jan ƙarfe da aka haɗaKullum ana bin tsarin iri ɗaya: mai siye yana kwafi "sandar ƙasa, inci 5/8 × ƙafa 10" daga zane na 1998, kuma babu wanda ke duba ko ƙasar da ke wurin za ta iya amfani da wannan sandar. Wannan labarin ya gyara wannan: abin da IEEE 80 ke buƙata daga sanda, yadda bayanan ƙasa ke saita diamita da tsayi, wanne abu ne ya rayu shekaru 50, da kuma ainihin layukan ƙayyadaddun bayanai don odar siyan ku.
Menene IEEE 80 Ke Bukata Daga Sandar Ƙasa ta Substation?
IEEE Std 80 yana buƙatar abubuwa uku daga kowace sinadari ta tsarin ƙasa, waɗanda aka haɗa da sanduna: suna ɗaukar matsakaicin wutar lantarki ta hanyar grid don lokacin sharewa ba tare da haɗa su ba, ci gaba da taɓawa da ƙarfin lantarki na matakai ƙasa da iyakokin wutar lantarki da za a iya jurewa, da kuma riƙe juriyar grid ƙasa da yadda ƙarfin ƙaruwar ƙasa zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin sauƙi.Babu wani abu a cikin mizanin da ya ce "sanda za ta kasance mm 16." Yana ba ku daidaito; girman ya fito ne daga ƙirar ƙasa da nazarin lahani.
Ma'anoni uku suna da mahimmanci a nan, kuma ina kiyaye su daidai saboda ina kallon masu siye suna rikitar da su a cikin takardun neman kuɗi a kowane kwata. Ƙarfin taɓawa shine bambancin yuwuwar tsakanin ginin ƙasa da kuka taɓa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunku yayin matsala. Ƙarfin mataki shine bambancin yuwuwar tsakanin ƙafafu biyu da mita ɗaya nesa. Hawan yuwuwar ƙasa (GPR) shine ƙarfin grid ɗin sama da ƙasa mai nisa - wutar grid da aka ninka ta hanyar juriyar grid.
Bisa lafazinJagorar ƙirar ƙasa ta Keentel Engineering, ƙirar IEEE 80 ta yau da kullun tana nufin juriyar grid a ƙasa da 1 Ω (watsawa) da ƙasa da 5 Ω (watsawa), tare da sandunan jan ƙarfe masu ɗaure na 2.4-3.0 m da 16-19 mm a matsayin tsoffin masana'antu.Domin kuwa kashi 20-50% ne kawai na jimillar wutar lantarki mai layi ɗaya zuwa ƙasa take dawowa ta hanyar grid na gida (sauran kuma suna dawowa ta hanyar wayoyi masu kariya da kuma tsaka-tsaki), girman cibiyar sadarwa ta sandar yana kan wutar lantarki mai raba-factor, ba ƙimar laifin kanun labarai a kan farantin suna ba.Wannan rashin fahimta - girmansa zuwa 40 kA lokacin da grid ɗin ya ga 12 kA - shine yadda ake aiwatar da siyan jan ƙarfe fiye da kima ta hanyar ɗaukar akwati.
Amsar tambaya:IEEE Std 80-2013 (an sake tabbatar da 2023) yana kula da tushen tashar AC a 1 kV da sama: yana bayyana iyakokin taɓawa da ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya jurewa daga lokacin share kurakurai da nauyin jiki, kuma yana buƙatar grid - kowane sandar da aka haɗa - don ɗaukar wutar lantarki mai raba-factor ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafin mai gudanarwa ba.
Wani ƙarin bayani wanda ya dace da kowane takamaiman EPC.Domin kuwa laka mai laka ta saman dutsen yana ninka ƙarfin taɓawa da aka yarda da shi - Misalin aikin Keentel ya nuna kusan 267 V akan ƙasa mai 100 Ω·m mara komai yana tashi zuwa kusan 720 V ƙarƙashin 100 mm na dutsen Ω·m 3,000, riba mai 2.7× - Ina ɗaukar takamaiman matakin saman da ƙayyadaddun sandar a matsayin shawara ɗaya, ba biyu ba.Na kalli masu saye suna tattaunawa kan rage farashin sanda da kashi 4% sannan su zubar da duwatsun da suka gurbata wanda ya zubar da ribar aminci da ta ninka tarar da aka adana sau goma - dutsen yana da arha kuma kimiyyar lissafi kyauta ce.
Ta Yaya Lantarkin Kuskure Yake Fassara Zuwa Diamita Na Sandar Ƙasa?
Lantarkin laifuffuka ya koma diamita na sandar ƙasa da yadda masu siye ke tsammani: laifuffuka suna ɓacewa cikin daƙiƙa 0.1–0.5, babu sandar da aka tuƙa da ta kusanci yanayin zafi mai kyau, kuma muna zaɓar diamita don sauƙin tuƙi da tsatsa maimakon girman da ake buƙata.Lissafin haɗakar zafi na IEEE 80 (ma'aunin Onderdonk da Sverak, matsakaicin 250 °C ga gidajen haɗin gwiwa da aka yi wa braced da kuma 450 °C ga welds na exothermic) yana kula da masu gudanar da grid da aka binne - yawanci jan ƙarfe mai girman 70-120 mm², har zuwa 240 mm² ga yadi masu aiki mai yawa; sandunan suna hawa a cikin wannan ambulan da babban gefe. Ba zan iya ƙara faɗi wannan ba, domin yana juyar da yadda yawancin kasida ke sayar da sanduna.
Ga kimiyyar lissafi da nake fata kowace ƙungiyar sayayya ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kan kati: juriyar sanda ɗaya tana da kusan R = ρ / (2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1], tare da tsawon L a cikin ma'aunin layi da diamita d a cikin logarithm. Dangane daJagorar Aikace-aikacen da Jagorar Nazari na NVent ERICO Electric Utility, ninka tsawon sanda yana rage juriyarsa da kusan kashi 40%, yayin da yake ninka girman yankewarsa da kusan kashi 10% kawai.Domin diamita tana sa ka samu kusan kashi 10% na ƙarfin juriya a kowane ninki biyu, amma tana ƙara tsawon lalata gwargwadon yadda saman da aka lulluɓe da tagulla yake, muna gaya wa masu siyan EPC su kashe tsawonsa da farko sannan su kashe diamita da biyu - kuma bayanan da muka samu daga filin sun yarda.
Me diamita ke siya? Abubuwa uku, bisa ga mahimmanci:
- Ina ɗaukar tsatsa a matsayin abin da diamita na farko ke saya, saboda sandar 17.2 mm tana ɗauke da saman hadaya da aka lulluɓe da tagulla fiye da sandar 14.2 mm a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarfi.
- Ina sanya sauƙin tuƙi a matsayi na biyu, saboda sanda mai kauri tana tsira daga tarkacen glacial till, laterite, da kuma cikawa ba tare da ta yi kauri ba.
- Na sanya aikin haɗi na uku, saboda walda ko manne na waje yana ganin ainihin matsin lamba na injiniya yayin shigarwa da girgizar ƙarfi ta kuskure.
Tsarin da aka saba da shi a masana'antarmu shine 14.2 mm (5/8″) don grids na ajin rarrabawa da 17.2 mm (3/4″) don ajin watsawa, tare da 20-25 mm don aikin mai zurfi ko mai yawan tsatsa. Kowane sanda yana barin shukar Xinchang ɗinmu da Layer na jan ƙarfe ≥ 0.254 mm, ≥ 99.95% tsarkin jan ƙarfe, ≥ 580 N/mm² ƙarfin tauri, madaidaiciya a cikin 1 mm/m, da kuma kusurwar maki 27.5 ± 2.5°. A QC mai fita, muna auna Layer na jan ƙarfe akan sanduna biyar a kowane fakiti (N=5) tare da mita mai kauri na eddy-current, kuma samfurin ɗaya a kowane yanki yana samun gwajin lanƙwasa 90° da aka shaida - irin waɗannan duban da nake roƙon ku da ku gudanar da su a lokacin rasit a ƙasa. An buga cikakkun haƙuri akan namusandar ƙasa mai rufi da tagullashafin ƙayyadewa.
Amsar tambaya:Ga grid ɗin IEEE 80 na substation, diamita na sandar yanke shawara ce ta tsawon rai na tsatsa da kuma ikon tuƙi, ba shawara ce ta girman da'ira ba - kurakurai suna bayyana a cikin 0.1-0.5 s, don haka ko da sandar jan ƙarfe mai tsawon mm 14.2 tana ɗauke da babban gefen zafi; haɓaka girman zuwa 17.2 mm ko 19 mm ya cancanci a tabbatar da shi ta hanyar tashin hankalin ƙasa da yanayin tuƙi.
Tsawon Yaya Ya Kamata Sandunan Ƙasa Su Kasance Don Tsarin Ƙasa?
Girman sandunan ƙasa don isa ga mafi yawan layin ƙasa mai watsawa, samfurin wurinku yana nuna - mita 2.4-3.0 don ƙasa mai layi na yau da kullun, da mita 6-30 a cikin sassan da aka haɗa ko masu zurfi inda layin saman ya bushe, ya daskare, ko kuma yana da juriya mai yawa.Tsawon lokaci shine inda muka yi nasara a kan juriya. Dokar Arewacin Amurka ta kafa tushe:Gabatarwar IEEE Houston Region kan tsarin masana'antuYana tafiya ta hanyar buƙatar NEC 250.53 na aƙalla ƙafa 8 (mita 2.44) na taɓa ƙasa, shi ya sa sandunan ƙafa 8 da ƙafa 10 suka mamaye kundin kayan aiki.
Ina fara kowace tattaunawa mai tsayi da binciken Wenner mai fil huɗu a kowace IEEE Std 81: electrodes huɗu a daidai tazara a, a bayyane yake juriya ρ = 2πaR, an maimaita shi a tazara daga 0.5 m zuwa 100 m don haka software na juyawa zai iya gina samfurin ƙasa mai layi.Domin sandar da ta ƙare a cikin busasshiyar saman Layer na Ω,000 Ω·m ba ta ba da gudummawa ba, yayin da sandar da aka tura ta zurfin mita 3 zuwa cikin Layer na 100 Ω·m za ta iya mamaye juriyar grid ɗin, shawarar tsawon sandar dole ne ta zo bayan samfurin ƙasa, ba a taɓa yin ta ba kafin ta.Nazarin da Keentel ya yi kan masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ya yi matuƙar tayar da hankali, kuma ina ambaton hakan ga masu siye akai-akai: na'urori huɗu masu zurfin tuƙi na mita 30 suna ɗauke da kusan kashi 62% na fashewar wutar lantarki yayin da suke wakiltar ƙasa da kashi 3% na tsawon tuƙin da aka binne.
Dokar da nake bi, bayan shekaru 12 na karanta tayin EPC - da yawa don tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya inda RFQ ke zuwa ba tare da bayanan juriyar ƙasa ba:
- Ina amincewa da sandunan mita 2.4 (ƙafa 8) ne kawai inda samfurin ya nuna ƙasa mai jurewa a cikin mita 2 na farko kuma wurin ba ya daskarewa.
- Ina ba da shawarar a yi amfani da sandunan mita 3.0 (ƙafa 10) a matsayin tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi, saboda ƙarin mita 0.6 ba shi da tsada kuma yana siyan ingantaccen juriya na kashi 8-12% akan mita 2.4.
- Na ƙayyade sandunan da aka zare, waɗanda aka haɗa a sassan mita 1.2-3.0 inda akwai zurfin layin mai sarrafawa, saboda igiyoyi masu mita 6-12 da aka haɗa akai-akai suna rage yawan sandunan a wuraren da ke da juriya mai ƙarfi.
- A ƙayyade kan tuƙi ko hannun riga na tuƙi don igiyoyi masu haɗe, saboda zaren haɗin da aka yi da naman kaza shine babban lahani na shigarwa da muke gani a hotunan shafin.
Gargaɗi na gaskiya — ra'ayina, ba na mizani ba: babu cikakkiyar tsawon sanda ga wurin da ƙasa ke canzawa sosai. Idan ratsawar Wenner ɗinku ta yi rashin jituwa da fiye da kashi 30% a fadin farfajiyar, kuna buƙatar ƙirar yanki ko electrodes mai zurfi, kuma duk wani mai samar da kayayyaki wanda ya ambaci tsawon sanda ɗaya ba tare da neman bayanan juriyar ku ba yana sayar muku da ƙarfe, ba grounding ba.
Kayan Aiki Mai Hulɗa: Mai Ƙiyasta Juriyar Sanda Guda Ɗaya (ƙididdigar Sverak)
Kimanta juriyar sanda ɗaya a tsaye tare da R = ρ / (2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1]. Wannan yana tantance sandar da aka ware guda ɗaya - ƙirar grid ɗinku har yanzu tana buƙatar cikakken nazarin IEEE 80.
Sakamakon zai bayyana a nan.
Karfe Mai Haɗe Da Tagulla vs Karfe Mai Haɗe Da Tagulla vs Tagulla Mai Tauri: Wanne Sanda Ne Ya Rasa Grid Na Shekaru 50?
Domin tsawon rayuwar kadarori na shekaru 40-50, ina amfani da ƙarfe mai ɗaure da tagulla: yana haɗa ƙarfin tuƙi na tsakiyar ƙarfe tare da tsawon tsatsa na saman jan ƙarfe da ƙarancin juriya ga hulɗa, a ƙaramin farashi na tagulla mai ƙarfi.Zan yi gaskiya game da inda kowane abu ya yi nasara - kwatancen da ke faranta wa samfurinmu rai kawai ba ya taimaka wa kowa. Idan wurin ya bushe, ba ya tayar da hankali, kuma an tsara shi a cikin zagayowar kulawa na shekaru 15, ina faɗin haka kuma ina ambaton galvanized - sayar da jan ƙarfe da aka haɗa a cikin ƙasa mara kyau shine yadda mai samarwa ke rasa tsari na biyu.
| Girman kwatancen | Karfe mai ɗaure da tagulla | Karfe mai kauri da aka yi da galvanized | Tagulla mai ƙarfi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rayuwar sabis a cikin ƙasa mai danshi ta yau da kullun | ≥ shekaru 50 tare da Layer na jan ƙarfe ≥ 0.254 mm | Yawanci shekaru 10-15 kafin a sha zinc | Shekaru 40+, yana da kyau kwarai da gaske |
| Ƙarfin jurewa (sauƙin tuƙi) | ≥ 580 N/mm² — yana tafiya ta cikin har zuwa cikawa | Babban ƙarfe mai kama da juna | ≈ 220 N/mm² — lanƙwasa da namomin kaza cikin sauƙi |
| Farashin kayan da aka haɗa (girman iri ɗaya) | Tushen tushe | Kashi 15–25% ya fi rahusa fiye da wanda aka haɗa da jan ƙarfe, domin zinc ya fi rahusa fiye da jan ƙarfe mai amfani da electrolytic. | Kudinsa ya kai kashi 50-70% fiye da wanda aka haɗa da jan ƙarfe, musamman saboda farashin jan ƙarfe na cathode |
| Kwanciyar hankali kan juriyar ƙasa | Mai dorewa har abada - haɗin jan ƙarfe da ƙasa ba ya canzawa | Yana lalacewa yayin da zinc ke lalata, yana ƙara juriya ga hulɗa | Barga don rayuwa |
| Satar jan ƙarfe a wurin | Ƙaramin darajar datti shine siraran rufin | Babu | Babban - wata matsala da aka sani game da fashi a wurare masu nisa |
| Hanyar ƙa'idodi | Ana samun jerin UL 467 da IEC 62561-2 sosai | Bayanan kayan aiki na baya, ƙarancin jerin abubuwan da ake da su a yanzu | Akwai amma ba kasafai ake samunsa a farashi mai rahusa ba |
Saboda an haɗa layin jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon (kimanin kashi 0.15% na carbon), sandar tana aiki kamar ƙarfe amma tana fuskantar ƙasa kamar jan ƙarfe, wanda shine ainihin haɗin da lantarki mai aiki da shi ke buƙata.Kowace sanda da muka aika ta wuce gwajin lanƙwasa digiri 90 a matsakaicin radius na 100 mm ba tare da karyewar jan ƙarfe ba kuma babu rabuwar haɗin gwiwa - idan an yi wa rufin fenti kawai, wannan lanƙwasa zai cire shi kamar fatar ayaba.sandar ƙasa mai haɗin jan ƙarfe ta lantarkishafi yana nuna yankewar sashe da muke amfani da shi lokacin da muka nuna haɗin gwiwa ga masu binciken kuɗi masu ziyara.
Wanne sanda ya kamata ka zaɓa?
- Zaɓi ƙarfe mai ɗaure da tagulla idan tsawon lokacin ƙira ya kai shekaru 30-50, ƙasar tana da danshi ko kuma tana da ɗan tsatsa, kuma dole ne a tuƙa sandunan maimakon a binne su a cikin rami.
- Zaɓi ƙarfe mai kauri da aka tsoma a cikin ruwan zafi kawai lokacin da kadarar ba ta daɗe ba, ƙasa ta bushe kuma ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun yarda da zagayowar maye gurbin lantarki na shekaru 10-15.
- Zaɓi tagulla mai ƙarfi idan ƙasa ta yi mummunan lalacewa (masana'antar sinadarai, harin chloride na bakin teku), ana iya magance matsalar tuƙi ta hanyar zubar da ruwa ko kuma fitar da ruwa, kuma kasafin kuɗin yana ɗaukar kashi 50-70% na ƙarin farashi da kuma hana sata.
- Kada ka zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kaɗai idan saman saman ya wuce kusan 2,000 Ω·m — wannan wurin yana buƙatar electrodes masu zurfi ko kayan haɓaka ƙasa da farko; kayan sanda shine tattaunawa ta biyu.
Amsar tambaya:Sandunan ƙasa na ƙarfe masu ɗaure da tagulla suna haɗa layin jan ƙarfe mai girman ≥ 0.254 mm tare da ƙarfin ≥ 580 N/mm² don tsawon sabis na ≥ shekaru 50 a farashin farko na zaɓuɓɓuka uku da aka saba amfani da su - shi ya sa su ne lantarki na asali don grid ɗin IEEE 80 a duk duniya.
Layuka 7 na Musamman da Ya Kamata Masu Sayen EPC Su Sanya a Sanda Mai Layi RFQ
Sanda mai lamba RFQ wadda ke ɗauke da sunaye kawai na diamita da tsayi tana gayyatar mafi arha sandar da ke kasuwa; layuka bakwai da nake amfani da su suna canza manufar ƙirar IEEE 80 ɗinku zuwa yaren siye mai amfani.Na tsara waɗannan layukan don bayar da tayin a cikin nahiyoyi uku, kuma kowannensu yana wanzuwa ne saboda wani aiki ya fahimci rashinsa ta hanya mai wahala - gwajin lanƙwasa layi na 5 yana nan saboda sandunan da aka haɗa da zare da aka yanke a shafin yanar gizon da masu siye suka aiko min.
- A ƙayyade diamita a matsayin mafi ƙarancin 14.2 mm (5/8 inci) don grid ɗin rarrabawa da kuma 17.2 mm (3/4 inci) don aikin watsawa ko ƙasa mai lalata, saboda diamita shine kasafin kuɗin rayuwar tsatsa.
- A ƙayyade sandunan guda ɗaya na mita 2.4 ko mita 3.0, ko kuma sassan da aka haɗa na mita 1.2–3.0 don zurfafan igiyoyi, domin tsawon dole ne ya dace da layin da ke sarrafa yanayin ƙasa.
- A ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin kauri na tagulla na 0.254 mm a kowane wuri akan sandar bisa ga UL 467 / IEC 62561-2, saboda sandunan "da aka wanke da tagulla" na ƙasa da 0.1 mm sun gaza a cikin ɗan ƙaramin lokaci na tsawon lokacin ƙira.
- A ƙayyade tsarkin jan ƙarfe ≥ 99.95% da kuma ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon wanda yake da kusan kashi 0.15% na carbon, domin tsarkin rufin da kuma ƙarfin da ke cikin core suna daidaita ƙarfin da ke cikin tuƙi.
- A ƙayyade ƙarfin taurin akalla 580 N/mm² tare da gwajin lanƙwasa 90° da aka gani a radius 100 mm ba tare da karyewar jan ƙarfe ba, domin waɗannan lambobi biyu suna fallasa sandunan da aka haɗa na jabu nan take.
- A ƙayyade madaidaicin kusurwa a cikin 1 mm/m da kusurwar wurin tuƙi ta 27.5 ± 2.5°, saboda sandar da aka lanƙwasa da ayaba tana yawo a cikin zurfin da ba a tsara ba kuma wani yanki mai laushi yana tsayar da guduma.
- A ƙayyade haɗin haɗin da aka haɗa da exothermic (aji na haɗin gwiwa na 450 °C a cikin lissafin zafi na IEEE 80's) tare da rahotannin gwaji na kowace-lot don kauri na jan ƙarfe, tensile, da sakamakon lanƙwasa, saboda haɗin shine inda grids ɗin suka gaza.
Me Ya Kamata Ka Tabbatar Kafin Ka Amince Da Mai Ba Da Layin Ƙasa?
Kafin in amince da duk wani mai samar da sandar ƙasa, ina tabbatar da abubuwa huɗu: shaidar sarrafa tsari, bayanan gwajin kowace-da-wane, iyakokin takaddun shaida, da cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da dabaru waɗanda ke yanke shawara ko sandunan sun isa kai tsaye kuma akan lokaci.Farashin kowace mita shine tambayata ta ƙarshe, ba ta farko ba - kwantena da aka ƙi ya fi tsada fiye da sandar kuɗi mai tsada.
A kan sarrafa tsari, muna neman a rubuta mana yadda ake samar da ƙofofin QC da kuma yadda ake amfani da su. Sarkarmu tana gudanar da lathing, embossing tambari, electroplating, sanyaya, tsaftacewa, gwajin diamita, gwajin tagulla, da kuma marufi, wanda IQC, IPQC, na farko, samarwa mai yawa, OQC, da FQC suka gina - ƙofofi shida da aka rubuta sunayensu. Mai samar da kayayyaki wanda ba zai iya samar da ɗaya a cikin imel ɗaya ba ya ba ku amsar.
Dangane da bayanan gwaji, muna buƙatar rahotannin kowace-dimbin yawa don kauri na layin jan ƙarfe, ƙarfin tauri, da gwajin lanƙwasa, kuma muna riƙe da sandar samfuri ɗaya a kowace ƙasa da aka kawo har tsawon rayuwar kadarar. Dangane da takaddun shaida, daidaita iyakokin takaddun shaida da samfur: tsarin ingancinmu yana aiki ƙarƙashin ISO 9001, takaddun shaida na UL 467 ɗinmu ya rufe layin sandar ƙasa, kuma rahoton gwajin nau'inmu na ɓangare na uku daga CEPRI (Cibiyar Binciken Wutar Lantarki ta China) yana nunawa akan shafukan samfurin - "an tabbatar da ISO" ba tare da sikelin ba shine ado. A kan dabaru, tabbatar da ma'aunin marufi (namu shine guda 10 a kowace bututun PVC, fakiti 20-50 a kowace fakiti, EXW/FOB/CIF/DDU daga Ningbo ko Shanghai) da ƙarfin kowane wata a rubuce; muna gudanar da guda 50,000 a kowane wata, adadin da ke da mahimmanci lokacin da ɗan kwangilar ku na farar hula ya hanzarta jadawalin. Cikakken kewayon yana ƙarƙashin namuRukunin sandar ƙasa mai rufin tagulla, tare da diamita na OEM/ODM, tsayi, da alamar kasuwanci a matsayin aikin yau da kullun.
Amsar tambaya:Mai samar da kayayyaki mai ƙwarewa yana nuna takaddun kwararar samarwa da QC, kauri a kowace murabba'i, rahotannin gwajin tensile da lanƙwasa, takardar shaida wacce ke ɗauke da sunan samfurin, da kuma ma'aunin marufi da aka rubuta tare da ƙarfin kowane wata - layinmu yana gudanar da guda 50,000 a kowane wata tare da ƙofofi shida na QC daga IQC zuwa FQC.
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Wane diamita na sandar ƙasa IEEE 80 ke buƙata don tashoshin ƙasa?
IEEE Std 80 ba ta buƙatar diamita ɗaya ba; yana buƙatar tsarin ya iyakance ƙarfin taɓawa da matakan aiki kuma ya ɗauki wutar lantarki ba tare da haɗa ta ba. Aikin amfani yana amfani da sandunan jan ƙarfe masu tsayin mm 16-19, tare da sandunan jan ƙarfe 14.2 mm (5/8″) a matsayin mafi ƙarancin da aka saba amfani da shi kuma 17.2 mm (3/4″) da aka fi so don wuraren watsawa ko wuraren lalata - ƙarin ɓangaren giciye yana siyan tsawon lokacin tsatsa, ba ƙarfin zafi ba.
Tsawon wane lokaci ya kamata sandar ƙasa ta substation ta kasance?
Yawancin ƙirar tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki suna amfani da sandunan tsaye na mita 2.4–3.0 (ƙafa 8–10), tare da tsayin da aka zaɓa daga samfurin ƙasa: sandunan suna samun kuɗinsu lokacin da suka isa zurfin layin mai watsa wutar lantarki. NEC 250.53 kuma yana buƙatar aƙalla mita 2.44 (ƙafa 8) na lantarki a cikin hulɗar ƙasa, kuma wuraren da ke da juriya mai ƙarfi na iya ba da hujjar sandunan da aka haɗa ko masu zurfin tuƙi na mita 6–30.
Shin sandar ƙasa mai girman diamita tana rage juriyar grid sosai?
A'a. Juriyar sanda ta dogara ne kawai da diamita amma kusan akasin haka ga tsayi: diamita mai ninkawa yana rage juriya da kusan kashi 10%, yayin da tsawon mai ninkawa yana rage shi da kusan kashi 40%. Muna gaya wa masu siye su ƙayyade diamita don iya tuƙi da tsawon tsatsa, kuma su yi amfani da tsayi don isa ga juriyar da aka yi niyya.
Sandar ƙasa mai ɗaure da jan ƙarfe ko ta galvanized: wanne ya fi kyau ga tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta shekaru 40?
Karfe mai ɗaure da tagulla shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga kadarar shekaru 40: Layer na tagulla mai girman ≥ 0.254 mm yana tallafawa tsawon shekaru 50 na sabis a cikin ƙasa ta yau da kullun, yayin da zinc mai narkewa mai zafi ana cinye shi da sauri a cikin ƙasa mai danshi ko acidic. Haɗin jan ƙarfe zuwa ƙasa kuma yana sa juriyar grid ta tabbata yayin da tashar ta tsufa.
Sandunan ƙasa nawa ne grid ɗin substation ke buƙata?
Babu wani ƙidaya na duniya; adadin ya fito ne daga binciken ƙira na IEEE 80. Sandunan suna tafiya ne a kusurwoyin kewaye inda matakan ƙarfin lantarki suka taru, a wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi ga transformer da kuma tushen arrester, kuma duk inda samfurin ƙasa ya nuna zurfin layin mai sarrafawa. Matsakaicin tashar rarrabawa na iya amfani da sanduna 12-32; babban filin watsawa zai iya wuce 100.
Wane kauri na tagulla ya kamata in ƙayyade ga sandar ƙasa mai ɗaure da tagulla?
A ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin tagulla mai tsawon 0.254 mm (mil 10) a kowane lokaci, matakin da UL 467 da IEC 62561-2 suka ambata. Don ƙasa mai lalata, wuraren ruwa, ko tsawon lokacin ƙira na shekaru 50, a nemi rufin 0.33 mm ko fiye da haka, tare da rahotannin gwajin kauri na kowane yanki na masana'anta.
Ta yaya zan tabbatar da ingancin sandar ƙasa lokacin da jigilar kaya ta isa?
Gudanar da duba rasiti mai matakai biyar: duba alamun da aka yi amfani da su wajen siyan; auna kauri na tagulla a kan sanduna biyar a kowace fakiti; duba ko akwai tsagewa ko ƙarfe da aka fallasa; ganin gwajin lanƙwasa 90° a radius 100 mm ba tare da karyewar tagulla ba; kuma tabbatar da daidaito a cikin 1 mm/m da kusurwar maki 27.5°.
Kuna buƙatar Takaddun Sanda da Ya Rasa Nazarin Laifi da Binciken Kuɗi?
Aiko mana da bayanan juriyar ƙasa, matakin lahani, da lokacin sharewa — za mu mayar muku da shawarar tsawon diamita da kuma ƙiyasin farashi cikin awanni 24.
Nemi Bitar GirmaKo kuma imelnorman@zjshibang.com- Ana samun diamita na OEM/ODM, tsayi, da kuma alamar kasuwanci.
Game da marubucin — Jane Yang
Jane Yang ita ce Manajan Talla a Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd., wata masana'anta da ta samar da kayayyakin kariya daga walƙiya da na ƙasa fiye da shekaru 17. Ta shafe shekaru 12 tana aikin kare walƙiya da kuma dakatar da cinikin ƙasashen waje, tana tallafawa abokan ciniki na ƙasashen waje ta hanyar samun bayanai daga China: duba inganci, dabaru, da takardun fitarwa. Haɗa kai da Jane a kanLinkedIn, Facebook, koX.
An tabbatar da bayanan fasaha bisa ga takaddun takamaiman masana'anta da kuma nassoshi da aka ambata a ranar 2026-08-05. Majiyoyin waje: E&S Grounding Solutions (bayanin IEEE 80), Keentel Engineering (jagorar ƙirar ƙasa ta substation), nVent ERICO (jagorar aikace-aikacen kayan aiki), IEEE Houston Region (ƙasa masana'antu).
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-05-2026