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Shigar da Injin Lantarki na Ƙasa: Ya Kamata 'Yan Kwangilar Buƙatar Cikawa da Takardu

Jagorar shigarwa ga ɗan kwangila kan kayan aikin: kaddarorin cikawa waɗanda ke tantance aikin kushin na dogon lokaci, takaddun masu samar da kayayyaki guda shida da za a buƙata kafin a sauke su, jerin filayen da ke ci gaba da aiki, da takaddun da ke kare ku a lokacin sulhu na garanti.

TL;DR — Jerin abubuwan da ɗan kwangilar ya riga ya shigar

  • Wurin cikawa yana yin aikin lantarki, ba sandar ba.Na'urar lantarki mai sinadarai da aka yi da tagulla tana aiki a cikin ginshiƙin cike bayan gida mai hygroscopic. Na'urar cike bayan gida ita ce ke sa juriyar kushin ta tabbata yayin da ake juyawar danshi a lokacin yanayi.
  • Buƙaci takardu shida kafin a sauke su.Rahoton gwajin nau'i (rage juriya, kwanciyar hankali na ionic a 60 °C / kwanaki 30, riƙe danshi, bin ƙa'idodin ESIA), bayanin IEC 62561-7, takardar shaidar NEMA GR-1, bayanin haɗin IEEE 837, lambobin fili, jagorar shigarwa a cikin yaren ma'aikatan shigarwa.
  • Diamita na Auger shine mafi girman canjin gefen shigarwa.A kan jigilar kayayyaki na ME na ShiBang daga 2020-2025, na'urorin lantarki 200 na farko tare da na'urar aunawa ta mm 75 sun karanta matsakaicin 5.8 Ω akan maƙasudin Ω 5; sauran 4,000 tare da na'urar aunawa ta mm 100 sun karanta matsakaicin 3.1 Ω. 0.4 Ω delta, hannu ɗaya daga mai kwangilar.
  • Rubuta duk abin da kuke buƙata a cikin garantin shekara ta uku.Takardun masu samar da kayayyaki, zane da aka gina tare da wuraren lantarki da lambobin fili, hotunan matakan shigarwa, karatun da ba za a iya samu ba yayin aiwatar da aikin. Dan kwangilar da ya mika karatun kushin kawai ba shi da kariya.
Hoto na 1 — Na'urar lantarki mai sinadarai mai siffar bututun jan ƙarfe da kuma abin cikawa na ciki na hygroscopic. Wannan ita ce na'urar da ɗan kwangilar zai karɓa a wurin; ingancin shigarwa shine abin da ke ƙayyade karatun shekara ta uku.

Tsarin da nake son in haɗa wannan labarin shine garantin da ɗan kwangilar ke bayarwa. Lokacin da wani sinadari mai guba ya wuce tagar ƙarfin taɓawa a shekara ta uku ko huɗu - kuma hakan ya faru, a wuraren da aka saki tsarin shigarwa - EPC da mai aikin sun gano gazawar ta hanyar sarkar garanti. Ɗan kwangilar da ya sanya electrode shine wanda zai fi shan kuɗin sake aiki, saboda garantin mai samarwa yawanci yana cire aikin mai shigarwa kuma rikodin mai shigarwa shine kawai takardar da ke tabbatar da cewa shigarwar ta yi daidai da takamaiman. Ɗan kwangila wanda ke ba da karatun faifan umarni kawai - ba tare da fakitin takardu na mai samarwa ba, zane-zanen da aka gina, hotunan shigarwa, da lambobin rukuni da za a iya gano su da yawa - ba shi da kariya idan sake gwajin shekara-uku ya dawo sama da abin da aka nufa.

Wannan labarin daidai yake da takardun da ke kare ɗan kwangilar. An rubuta shi ne ga babban mai sakawa da kuma mai kula da wurin, ba don injiniyan siyan EPC ba. Labarin shine jerin shigarwa daga lokacin da kayan suka isa wurin har zuwa lokacin gwajin yuwuwar lokacin aiki - kuma a kowane mataki, abin da ɗan kwangilar ya kamata ya nema, rikodi da ajiyewa.

1. Abin da Bayan Ciki Yake Yi (kuma Me Yasa Ya Fi Muhimmanci Fiye da Sanda)

Yawancin 'yan kwangila waɗanda suka sanya na'urar lantarki ta ƙasa mai sinadarai a karon farko suna ɗaukarta a matsayin "sanda mai rufin tagulla mai launin toka a kusa da ita." Wannan tsarin ya rasa injiniyanci. Tsakiyar da aka lulluɓe da tagulla jagora ce; na'urar lantarki ita ce na'urar lantarki. A cikin wata na'urar lantarki ta ƙasa mai sinadarai da aka ƙayyade daidai, na'urar lantarki ta ƙasa mai sanda zuwa ƙasa tana aiki kamar ƙasa mai kusan 200 zuwa 400 Ω·cm ba tare da la'akari da abin da ƙasa mai yawa ta karanta ba - saboda na'urar tana riƙe danshi a saman sandar kuma a hankali tana sakin abubuwan ionic a cikin ƙarar ƙasa nan take. Ba tare da na'urar lantarki ba, na'urar tana da waya a cikin yashi mai taɓa iska.

Cika bayan ƙasa yumbu ne mai kumburi (yawanci bentonite, wani lokacin ma'adinan da aka yi da shi) wanda aka haɗa shi da gishirin electrolyte (yawanci magnesium sulfate, ba sodium chloride ba - chloride yana kai hari ga tsakiya mai lulluɓe da tagulla ko da a cikin murfin jan ƙarfe) tare da ƙarin abin riƙe da danshi. Ma'aunin IEC 62561-7 shine hanyar gwaji da ke bayyana abin da "aka ƙayyade daidai" ke nufi a cikin lambobi da za a iya gwadawa:

Kadarar cike bayan gida Abin da yake sarrafawa a cikin sabis Maƙasudin karɓa (kowaceIEC 62561-7)
Rage juriya a cikin danshi mai ma'ana Matsakaicin ƙasa-zuwa-girma a lokacin aiwatarwa ≥ Rage 10:1 a yanayin danshi na mai samar da kayayyaki
Daidaiton ionic na dogon lokaci a 60 °C / kwanaki 30 Ko sinadaran sun tsira daga lokacin damina na farko An riƙe raguwar juriya ≥ 80%
Rike danshi a cikin zagayowar bushewa ta kwanaki 90 Ko sinadaran sun tsira daga lokacin rani na farko? An riƙe danshi ≥ 60% a 35 °C / 30% RH
Bin ƙa'idodin muhalli na matakin ESIA Ko sinadaran sun haifar da tutar ƙasa a lokacin miƙa mulki A ƙasa da ƙa'idar fitar da ƙarfe mai tsari (daidai da TCLP)
Dalilin da yasa dan kwangilar ya damu.Garantin mai kaya yawanci yana rufe sinadaran (rage juriya, kwanciyar hankali na ionic, riƙe danshi). Garantin mai sakawa ya shafi tsarin shigarwa (diamita na auger, sanyawa a bayan gida, nau'in mahaɗi, karanta yiwuwar faɗuwa). Sarƙoƙin garanti guda biyu suna da 'yanci - kuma su ne ainihin rabi biyu na fayil ɗin garantin da za a iya karewa. Ɗan kwangilar da ke ajiye rabin fayil ɗin biyu shine ɗan kwangilar da ya yi watsi da da'awar shekara uku ba tare da an cika shi da riba ba.

2. Takardu Shida da Dan Kwantiragin Ya Kamata Ya Bukata Kafin Saukewa

Kafin kayan su fito daga motar, ɗan kwangilar yana da takardu shida a hannunsa. Duk wani abu da ya ɓace za a sake kai shi ko a mayar masa da kuɗi; ranar da ɗan kwangilar ya yi yana neman takardu a ofis ya fi araha fiye da ranar da ɗan kwangilar ya yi sake yin aikin shigarwa daga baya.

Takardar Dalilin da yasa dan kwangilar yake buƙatarsa Inda ya bayyana a cikin fayil ɗin garanti
(1) Rahoton gwajin nau'in kadarori huɗu Yana tabbatar da daidaiton kimiyyaIEC 62561-7Takardar da ke kare ɗan kwangilar lokacin da kushin ya faɗi a shekara ta uku Fayil ɗin garanti, shafi na 1
(2) Bayanin bin ƙa'idojin IEC 62561-7 Nassoshi na layi ɗaya ga hanyar gwaji; an yi musu gwaji iri-iri bisa ga rahoton gwajin nau'in Fayil ɗin garanti, shafi na 2
(3)NEMA GR-1takardar shaidar girma Yana tabbatar da diamita ±0.1 mm na sinadari, kauri na jan ƙarfe ≥254 µm, madaidaiciya ≤1 mm a kowace 300 mm Fayil ɗin garanti, shafi na 3
(4)IEEE 837Bayanin dacewa da haɗin haɗi Yana tabbatar da cewa nau'in mahaɗin ya dace da nauyin impulse-current; ba a yarda da maƙallan inji ba Fayil ɗin garanti, shafi na 4
(5) Lambobin rukuni da za a iya bibiya Kowace sanda da kowace jakar cikawa tana da lambar batch; wannan shine abin da ake buƙatar garantin. Fayil ɗin garanti, shafi na 5 (kuma an buga shi a kan kowace sanda a cikin ginin da aka gina)
(6) Jagorar shigarwa a cikin yaren ma'aikatan shigarwa Diamita na ƙarami, adadin cikawa a kowane rami, yanayin duba rami - duk an bayyana su a matsayin lambobi, ba siffa ba Fayil ɗin garanti, shafi na 6
Abin da za a yi idan takarda ta ɓace.Yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki za su sake isar da takardar da ta ɓace cikin kwana ɗaya na aiki. 'Yan kwangilar da suka tambaya a ƙofar ofis sun same ta; 'yan kwangilar da suka tambaya a wurin shigarwa suna samun jira na kwanaki 30 da sake yin aiki. Kudin neman takardu na kwana ɗaya ya fi ƙanƙanta da farashin da'awar da ba a rubuta ba ta shekara uku.

A ɓangaren mai samar da kayayyaki, fakitin takardar ba zaɓi ba ne - shine abin da ke raba amintaccen mai samar da na'urar lantarki ta ƙasa da mai sayar da sinadari mai ƙarfi. ShiBang yana jigilar fakitin takardu shida tare da kowanena'urar lantarki ta ƙasa mai sinadaraijigilar kaya, kuma yana sake fitar da rahoton gwajin nau'in akan kowane rukuni. Lamarin da ya faru a masana'antarmu ta 2022 - samfura 12 daga cikin 38 da suka faɗi gwajin kwanciyar hankali na ionic na 60 °C / kwanaki 30 a riƙe 65%, ƙasa da ƙa'idar 80% - an kama shi a kwata na uku kafin jigilar kaya. Ɗan kwangilar da ya sami rahoton gwajin nau'in kuma ya ga lambar rukuni a kansa yana da hanyar binciken.

Hoto na 2 — Wutar lantarki mai amfani da sinadarai da ke cikin ramin da aka yi wa ado da sinadarin cikawa wanda ke cike da annulus. Wannan shine lokacin shigarwa - idan ginshiƙin cikawa bai cika ba ko kuma ramin ya kasance a buɗe cikin dare ɗaya, karatun shekara ta uku zai nuna shi.

3. Tsarin Girman Auger - Mafi Girman Canjin Gefen Shigarwa

Daga cikin canjin da ɗan kwangilar ke sarrafawa akan shigar da na'urar lantarki ta ƙasa mai sinadarai, diamita na auger shine mafi girma. Jigilar ME ta ShiBang ta 2020-2025 tana da bayanai don sanya lamba a kai. A kan farkon electrodes 200 na jigilar lantarki mai 4,200 zuwa wani wuri na Saudiyya, injiniyan wurin EPC ya yi amfani da auger mai 75 mm - iri ɗaya da aka yi amfani da shi a wani aikin sandar da aka yi amfani da shi a baya. Karatun filin ya dawo a matsakaicin 5.8 Ω akan manufa ta 5 Ω. Mun koma zuwa auger mai 100 mm don sauran electrodes 4,000 kuma matsakaicin ya faɗi zuwa 3.1 Ω. Bambancin 0.4 Ω shine mafi girman canjin gefe ɗaya akan shigarwar lantarki mai sinadarai - kuma canji ne mai kwangila ke sarrafawa, ba masana'anta ba.

Diamita na sanda Mafi ƙarancin diamita na auger Me yasa
17.2 mm core mai rufi da tagulla 100 mm A ƙasa da 100 mm, annulus ɗin bayan gida ba ya da ruwa yadda ya kamata.
25.4 mm core mai rufi da tagulla (kosandar ƙasa ta electrolytic ion) 150 mm Tsarin da aka lulluɓe da tagulla mai nauyi yana buƙatar faɗin annulus don ya zauna a kan ginshiƙin cikawa.
Tushen ƙasa(shigarwa a kwance) An haƙa rami a zurfin da aka tsara, an sanya shi a cikin module, an cika shi a baya kuma an ƙara masa ƙarfi Shigarwa a kwance - babu ma'aunin ma'auni; girman rami ga jagorar shigarwar mai samarwa.
Binciken farko na ɗan kwangilar kafin shigarwa.Kafin auger ya taɓa ƙasa, ɗan kwangilar ya kamata ya tabbatar da diamita na auger a kan jagorar shigarwa (abu na 6 na fakitin takardu shida). Jagorar shigarwar mai kaya ta bayyana diamita na auger a cikin milimita; rundunar auger ta mai kwangilar ta bayyana diamita na bit a cikin milimita a gefen bit ɗin. Lambobi biyu - dole ne su daidaita. Wannan shine mafi arha dubawa ɗaya akan shigarwa kuma wanda ke hana mafi girman canjin gefe ɗaya na shigarwa.

4. Jerin Shigarwa Da Ke Dagewa A Lokacin Aiki

Jerin shigarwar da ke ƙasa shine wanda ƙungiyar tallafawa fitarwa ta ShiBang ke jagoranta ta hanyar mai kula da wurin a kan kowace jigilar kaya ta ME, Afirka da SEA. Jerin iri ɗaya ne akan na'urar lantarki ta ƙasa mai sinadarin 17.2 mm, akan sandar ƙasa mai electrolytic ion mai 25.4 mm, da kuma akan tsarin ƙasa mai siffar graphite mai ginshiƙi. An rubuta jerin a kowane rami akan zanen da aka gina, kuma hotunan da aka ɗauka a kowane mataki an shigar da su cikin kunshin garanti.

  1. Ƙara girman ramin zuwa diamita daidai.Yi amfani da maƙallin auger a tsaye a diamita da aka ƙayyade wa mai samarwa. A ƙara girman zuwa zurfin da aka tsara tare da ƙarin 50 zuwa 100 mm don benen ramin dubawa. A guji shigar da shi ta cikin ruwa mai tsayawa - bushewa na kwanaki 14 kafin shigarwa shine ƙa'idar da aka saba amfani da ita a wuraren busasshiyar.
  2. Sanya sandar da kuma cikawa a cikin aiki ɗaya.Sake sanya sandar a cikin ramin da aka yi wa ado. Cika annulus ɗin da mahaɗin hygroscopic na masana'anta kafin rufe ramin dubawa. Kada a haɗa bayan da ƙasa ta asali. Kada a cika kaɗan sannan a dawo washegari. Kada a bar ramin ya zauna a buɗe cikin dare ɗaya. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan yana haifar da gibin annular ko ginshiƙin bayan da ƙasa ta gurɓata wanda karatun filin zai nuna nan take kuma gwajin shekara ta uku zai tabbatar.
  3. Haɗa da waniIEEE 837-mai haɗawa da aka jera.Mai haɗa na'urorin da aka haɗa da na'urorin da aka haɗa da zafi ko kuma na matsewa, ba na'urar matsewa ba. Maƙallan injina sun faɗi gwajin halin yanzu na impulse-current a cikin IEC 62561-1 kuma sune yanayin gazawar farko da aka fi sani a ƙarƙashin bugun walƙiya. Yi rikodin nau'in mai haɗawa, lambar yanki, da ƙimar ƙarfin juyi akan zane da aka gina.
  4. Tabbatar da gwajin da zai iya faruwa (bisa ga tsarin IEEE 81).Yi rikodin juriya, zafin ƙasa, da kuma karatun danshi. Yi hoton ramin dubawa, haɗin da aka gina, da kuma matsayin faɗuwar yiwuwar binciken. Takardu huɗu tare - rahoton gwajin nau'i, zane-zanen da aka gina, shigar da hotuna, da faɗuwar yuwuwar - su ne fayil ɗin kariya ga garanti.
Hotunan shigarwa masu mahimmanci.Hotuna uku, a jere: (1) ramin da aka yi wa ado a daidai diamita tare da zurfin da aka tsara a bayyane a kan guntun; (2) sandar da aka sanya a cikin ramin tare da ginshiƙin cikawa a adadin da aka ƙayyade wa mai kaya; (3) ramin duba da aka rufe tare da mahaɗin da ake iya gani da lambar wurin da za a iya karantawa. Waɗannan hotuna uku, waɗanda aka yi kwanan wata kuma aka yi wa alama ta ƙasa, su ne bambanci tsakanin ɗan kwangila wanda ya yi nasara a takaddamar garanti da kuma ɗan kwangila wanda ya karɓi kuɗin sake aiki.

5. Abin da za a yi idan Karatun Aikin Umarni ya yi muni

Ba kasafai ake samun kurakurai a aikin ba. Babban abin da ya fi jawo hakan ba shine sinadaran ko sandar ba - shine shigarwa. Ya kamata mai kwangilar ya gudanar da bincike sau uku kafin a sake yin wani aiki.

  1. Tabbatar da faɗuwar matsayin na'urar bincike.Injin bincike da aka sanya kusa da na'urar lantarki yana karanta juriyar da ba ta dace ba; injin bincike da aka sanya shi fiye da kima yana karanta shi. Daidaitaccen tsarin shine ƙa'idar 61.8% (bincike a nisan lantarki zuwa ga kayan aiki sau 0.618).
  2. Sake aunawa da wani kayan aiki daban.Kuskuren kayan aiki ya fi yawa fiye da kuskuren mai aiki. Kayan aiki na biyu akan wannan electrode zai warware yawancin kiran "karantawa yayi kama da ba daidai ba" cikin mintuna goma.
  3. Duba ramin dubawa don ganin ko akwai ruwan da ke tsaye.Ramin da ya cika da ruwa yana kama da ƙaramin juriya a kan mitar amma yana da juriya sosai da zarar ya bushe. Karatun da kuka auna ba shine karatun da EPC za ta auna a lokacin sake gwaji ba.

Idan dukkan cak ɗin guda uku suka ci nasara kuma karatun har yanzu yana kan gaba, zaɓuɓɓukan gyara sune:

  • Lambobin lantarki biyu masu tsarin Delta— ƙara sanda ɗaya a cikin rami ɗaya, mita biyu daga ainihin, an haɗa shi da wutar lantarki zuwa ga na'urar jagoranci ta asali. Ingancin juriyar kushin yana raguwa da kusan kashi 40%.
  • Tsarin ƙasa a layi ɗaya- sanya tsarin graphite mai ginshiƙi a cikin ramin kwance kusa da ainihin electrode. Ingancin juriyar kushin yana raguwa da kashi 30 zuwa 50% dangane da girman module ɗin da kuma layin ƙasa.
  • Ƙarin lantarki a 3× zurfin asali— sai dai inda yanayin ƙasa ya ba shi damar yin hakan (babu wani abu a wurin da aka nufa mafi zurfi). Ingancin juriyar kushin yana ƙaruwa da zurfi, amma farashin shigarwa yana ƙaruwa da sauri.

Duk zaɓuɓɓuka uku suna buƙatar sake duba yiwuwar kammala aikin kafin a sake cika shi. Ɗan kwangilar da ya fara cika aikin da farko sannan ya karanta daga baya ba shi da takardu idan aikin ya gaza.

6. Rufewa — Inda Takardun Shigarwa Ya Je

Fayil ɗin garantin kare garantin mai kwangilar yana da sassa huɗu: (1) fakitin takardun mai samar da kaya (takardu shida); (2) zane mai ginawa tare da wuraren lantarki, diamita na auger, adadin cikewa, nau'ikan mahaɗi, lambobin fili da ƙimar ƙarfin juyi; (3) hotunan matakan shigarwa (rami mai ƙara, sandar da ke cikin rami, zuba cikawa, ramin dubawa da aka rufe, haɗin da aka gama); (4) karatun faɗuwar yiwuwar aiki tare da zafin ƙasa da danshi. Sassan guda huɗu tare sune abin da mai kwangilar ya miƙa wa EPC da mai aikin a rufe aikin.

Bangaren mai samar da kayayyaki na wannan kwangilar shine alhakin masana'anta. ShiBang yana jigilar fakitin takardu shida tare da kowanena'urar lantarki ta ƙasa mai sinadaraijigilar kaya da sake fitar da rahoton gwajin nau'in akan kowane rukuni. Jagorar shigarwa tana cikin Turanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Sifaniyanci, Rashanci, Larabci da Jafananci - harsunan ma'aikatan shigarwa a kasuwannin fitarwa inda gibin takardu ya fi girma. Ga samfurin fakiti tare da fakitin takardu shida da aka riga aka haɗa, hanya mafi sauri ita ceshafin tuntuɓar muSamfurin jigilar kayayyaki don ayyukan PV na matakin amfani a ME, Afirka da SEA sun bar masana'antar cikin mako guda, tare da amsoshin fasaha a cikin kwana ɗaya na aiki.

Game da marubucin — Jane Yang
Manajan Talla, Kare Hawaye da Walƙiya a Cinikin Ƙasashen Waje a Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd. (ShiBang) — Shekaru 12 na ƙwarewar fitarwa don tallafawa abokan cinikin EPC da masu rarrabawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Kudancin Amurka. ShiBang ya ƙera samfuran tsarin ƙasa da walƙiya sama da shekaru 17 daga cibiyarsa da ke gundumar Xinchang, Zhejiang, China, tare da cikakken tarin ayyukan fitarwa wanda ya ƙunshi duba inganci, shirya kayayyaki da takaddun fitarwa. Haɗa kaiLinkedIn, Facebook, koX.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-01-2026