Ga yawancin aikace-aikacen ƙasa, mai sarrafa ƙarfe mai rufi da tagulla na IACS (CCS) shine zaɓin da ya dace, kuma tagulla mai ƙarfi shine zaɓin da ya dace kawai inda ƙarfin wutan lantarki ko sinadaran ƙasa ke buƙatar hakan da gaske. Ina cewa bayan shekaru goma sha biyu na jigilar kayan biyu daga masana'antar Xinchang ɗinmu: wayar IACS CCS mai kashi 40% tana isar da kusan kashi 40% na ƙarfin wutan lantarki mai annealed sau biyu zuwa huɗu, layin jan ƙarfe na 0.25 mm wanda ke ba da damar samar da wutar lantarki sama da shekaru 50, da ƙimar ɓarna mai ƙasa wanda ɓarayi suka yi watsi da shi. Tagulla mai ƙarfi 99.97% har yanzu yana cin nasara akan ƙarfin wutan lantarki mai ƙarfi - kashi 90% zuwa 99.9% IACS akan kewayon CCS ɗinmu na 15% zuwa 40% IACS - don haka lokacin da lissafin matsalar wutan lantarki na IEEE 80 ɗinku bai bar wani gibi ba, tagulla shine amsar gaskiya. Sauran wannan labarin ya yi bayani dalla-dalla kan fannoni biyar da na yi nazari a kansu tare da kowane manajan siyan kayan aiki wanda ya yi min tambayar CCS-ko-jan karfe, tare da ainihin lambobi daga rahotannin gwajin injinmu maimakon ikirarin ƙasida.

Ma'aunin IACS na 40%: Me yasa yake ci gaba da bayyana a cikin Bayanan Amfani?

IACS tana nufin International Annealed Copper Standard, yarjejeniyar 1913 wadda ta ƙayyade ƙarfin jan ƙarfe mai annealed a kasuwa a matsayin 100% kuma ta sanya shi juriya na 0.017241 Ω·mm²/m a 20°C. Kowace adadi mai adhesive a cikin wannan labarin - da kowane adadi a kan takaddun shaida na injinmu - kashi ɗaya ne na wannan ma'aunin. Lokacin da takamaiman bayani ya buƙaci "wayar IACS 40%," yana neman mai jagora wanda juriyarsa ita ce 0.017241 da aka raba da 0.40, wanda ke aiki zuwa kusan 0.0431 Ω·mm²/m. Na ga cewa da zarar masu siye suka ga wannan sashe ɗaya, duk muhawarar CCS-da-jan ƙarfe ta zama lissafi maimakon tallatawa.

Me yasa kashi 40% ba kashi 30% ko 21% ba? A cikin ƙwarewarmu ta fitar da kaya, kashi 40% ya zama tsarin amfani saboda wani dalili mai amfani: shine mafi girman ajin wutar lantarki da ƙarfe mai rufi da jan ƙarfe ya kai a cikin daidaitattun ajin da aka zana da aka rufe ta hanyarASTM B227(Mataki na 40 HS da Mataki na 40 EHS) da kuma gine-ginen da suka makaleASTM B228. Tura sama da kashi 40% kuma kuna buƙatar rufin jan ƙarfe mai kauri fiye da yadda aka gina dangin samfuran da aka zana a kusa, a wannan lokacin gibin farashi da jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi yana raguwa da sauri.Saboda kauri na rufin yana haifar da farashin kayan, na'urar CCS mai ƙarfin IACS sama da kashi 40% ta daina zama madadin tagulla mai araha.Ina gaya wa ƙungiyoyin sayayya su ɗauki kashi 40% na IACS a matsayin rufin kewayon CCS mai rahusa, kuma su ɗauki duk wani abu da ke sama da shi a matsayin alama don kawai a sayi tagulla mai ƙarfi maimakon haka.

Wayar ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da tagulla a kan benen samar da kayayyaki na Xinchang, an lulluɓe ta da na'urar don ayyukan samar da ƙasa - azuzuwan watsa wutar lantarki daga 15% zuwa 40% IACS akan layi ɗaya.

Tsarin da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarfe mai rufi da jan ƙarfe a cikin grid ɗin ƙasa na gaske: Nawa ne kuke dainawa a zahiri?

A kan takarda, gibin wutar lantarki yana kama da abin tsoro: gwajin wayar jan ƙarfe mai tsabta a 90%–99.9% IACS tare da juriya a ƙasa da 0.017241 Ω·mm²/m, yayin da kewayon CCS ɗinmu ke gudana 15%–40% IACS. A cikin grid ɗin ƙasa, duk da haka, lambar da ke da mahimmanci ba shine wutar lantarki a ware ba - ko mai tuƙi ya tsira daga matsalar wutar lantarki da bincikenku ya ba shi. IEEE 80, daidaitaccen tsarin amfani da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da shi don ƙirar grid ɗin ƙarƙashin ƙasa (IEEE Std 80), yana auna masu jagoranci ta hanyar haɗa wutar lantarki da tsawon lokaci, ba ta hanyar juriya kaɗai ba. Lokacin da muka gudanar da wannan kuskuren 40 kA, daƙiƙa 0.5 ta hanyar tsarin haɗakarwa na yau da kullun, mai sarrafa IACS CCS 40% yana buƙatar kusan sau 2.5 na giciye na jan ƙarfe don isa ga iyakar zafi iri ɗaya - wannan shine ainihin abin da ke canza yanayin, kuma na rubuta shi a cikin kowane ambato da muka bayar.

Wannan ma'aunin 2.5× yana kama da abin da zai iya karya yarjejeniyar har sai kun sami cikakken farashin cikakken kayan haɗin. CCS a babban diamita har yanzu yana amfani da ƙarancin jan ƙarfe ta hanyar taro,Saboda tsakiyar ƙarfe yana ɗauke da nauyin injin, ana buƙatar Layer na tagulla mai girman 0.25 mm kawai don yin aikin gudanarwa.— kuma a mitar matsala ta 60 Hz, yawan jama'ar da ke cikin wannan halin yanzu yana zuwa saman, wanda shine ainihin inda jan ƙarfe yake. Ƙungiyar injiniyancinmu ta yi wa masu siye da yawa bayani game da wannan hujjar tasirin fata tare da ainihin zane-zanen sassan giciye; da zarar sun ga cewa hanyar da ke yanzu da jan ƙarfe suna mamaye zoben waje ɗaya, ƙin yarda da wutar lantarki yawanci yakan yi laushi.

Inda ban ba da shawarar CCS akasin haka ba ne: ƙananan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na birni inda aka gyara faɗin ramin rami da zurfin tuƙi na sanda kuma binciken lahani bai bar sarari don haɓaka jagorar ba. A cikin waɗannan ayyukan mun yi ambaton wayar jan ƙarfe mai tsarki 99.97% ba tare da neman afuwa ba,sabodaBabu wani adadin fa'idar injiniya da zai rama maka wani sashe da ba za ka iya dacewa da shi ba a zahiri. Mai samar da kayayyaki wanda ya tura CCS cikin wannan yanayin yana sayarwa akan binciken laifinka, kuma na fi son rasa oda fiye da in sami grid mara kyau a shekara ta uku.

CCS mai ɗaurewa a ƙarƙashin ƙara girma: kowace monofilament (1.4–3.2 mm) wani ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfe wanda aka haɗa shi da wani Layer na tagulla mai girman 0.25 mm - ginin da ke bayan ƙimar IACS 40%.

CCS ko Tagulla Mai Ƙarfi: Girma Biyar da Suka Nuna Wanne Mai Gudanarwa Ya Lashe Bayaninka

Idan mai siyan kayan aiki ya aiko min da RFQ wanda ke cewa "CCS ko jan ƙarfe - don Allah a ba ni shawara," ban amsa da takardar bayanai ba. Ina amsa da kwatancen layuka biyar a ƙasa,sabodaA cikin shekaru goma sha biyu na umarnin fitar da kaya, shawarar ta kasance kan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matakai guda biyar: ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin injina, tsawon lokacin tsatsa, fallasa sata, da kuma ɗaukar matakan da suka dace. Duk sauran abubuwa hayaniya ne. Alkaluman sun fito ne daga bayanan samarwa da rahotannin gwajin masana'antu, ba daga matsakaicin masana'antu ba.

Layuka biyu na wannan teburin sun cancanci a sake duba su,sabodaSu ne waɗanda masu saye galibi ke komawa baya. Na farko, ƙarfin taurin kai ba abu ne mai kyau ba: a kan dogon aikin haƙa mai kwance ko kuma na waya ta ƙasa a sama, mai laushi mai jagora na jan ƙarfe zai iya shimfiɗa wuyansa ya faɗi yayin shigarwa, kuma sashin wuyan zai zama wurin da ya fi zafi a cikin grid ɗinku. Madaurin CCS ɗinmu a 560–1040 MPa yana ɗaga ja da baya wanda zai lalata jan ƙarfe mai annealed har abada, shi ya sa ma'aikatan layin da suka shigar duka suna ƙayyade CCS a karo na biyu. Na biyu, layin tsatsa: tambayar da na fi ji ita ce ko layin jan ƙarfe mai 0.25 mm yana tsira a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma amsarmu ita ce rikodin rayuwar sabis na tushen da aka shigar - rufin da aka haɗa ba a shafa shi ba, kuma ba ya fashewa ko ratsawa kamar yadda siririn murfin lantarki zai iya yi.

Duba Gaskiyar Inji: Shin Tagulla Mai Ƙarfi Zai Iya Rabuwa Da Jawowar Hankali?

Ga yanayin gazawa wanda ba ya bayyana a cikin jadawalin wutar lantarki. Shekaru da suka gabata wani ɗan kwangila ya tuntube mu bayan wayar ƙasa ta jan ƙarfe da aka yi wa rauni daga wata majiya ta lalace sosai a lokacin da aka yi dogon aikin gyaran injin; ma'aikatan jirgin sun gano lalacewar ne kawai lokacin da karatun juriyar grid ya dawo ba daidai ba a lokacin da ake gudanar da aikin. Gyaran shine a tono da maye gurbin dukkan sassan. Ina raba wannan labarin ga duk mai siye wanda ke ɗaukar ƙarfin tayar da hankali a matsayin wani takamaiman tsari,sabodamafi arha na'urar tuƙa mota a kowace mita ta zama mafi tsada a kowace kilomita da aka sanya lokacin da ma'aikata suka ja ta sau biyu.

Tare da CCS, kimiyyar lissafi tana gudana ta wata hanyar. Tushen ƙarfe yana ɗaukar nauyin shigarwa - gwajin zaren mu tsakanin 560 da 1040 MPa ya danganta da matakin - kuma rufin jan ƙarfe yana tafiya tare da shi kawai don tafiya. Muna ba da shawarar gina layuka 7 don aikin grid da aka shimfiɗa da hannu da kuma layuka 19 ko 37 inda gudu ya ƙunshi lanƙwasa, birgima, ko ja idanu.sabodaƘananan monofilaments suna lanƙwasa a kusa da ƙaramin radius ba tare da yin tauri ba a saman jan ƙarfe. Shi ya sa kuma kewayon CCS ɗinmu da aka makale ya kai diamita na 4.2 mm zuwa 22.5 mm gabaɗaya: wannan matakin IACS 40% zai iya ba da gudummawa ga naɗe-naɗen bututun rarrabawa ko babban grid na tashar watsawa ta hanyar canza adadin zaren.

Takaddun bayanai game da tasirin da zane na ƙungiyar QC ɗinmu game da umarnin CCS - diamita, tsarin zare da ƙimar tensile da aka tabbatar a kowane yanki na samarwa.

Daidaiton Sata, Ɓacewa, da Tsaro: Shin Darajar Sake Sayar da Tagulla Tana Aiki A Kanka?

Masu siyan kayan aiki ba kasafai suke sanya sata a cikin teburin kwatantawa na na'urar ba, amma sassan kula da su suna rayuwa da shi. Gina ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta tagulla babban abin da ake buƙata ne a mafi yawan kasuwannin da muke jigilar su, kuma shingen da aka cire ko kuma satar kayan da aka yi ba wai kawai asarar kayan ba ne - yana da aminci har sai an dawo da grid ɗin. Na sami abokan ciniki na rarrabawa sun gaya mana cewa kasafin kuɗin maye gurbin jan ƙarfe na shekara-shekara ya wuce farashin kayan grid ɗin na asali, wanda jumla ce mara ma'ana da za a rubuta, kuma shine babban dalilin da ya sa da yawa daga cikinsu suka ƙaura da na'urorin da aka fallasa kuma masu sauƙin shiga zuwa CCS.

CCS tana kai hari kan matsalar a matakin ƙarfafawa maimakon matakin makulli: igiyar bimetallic mai tsakiyar ƙarfe ba ta da ƙimar rabuwa a wurin da aka yi ɓarna, don haka ba a sace ta a daidai lokacin da jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi yake.Domin kuwaTattalin arzikin rugujewar sata, kasafin kuɗin tsaro ma zai iya yin hakan. Ga tashoshin wutar lantarki na kore a cikin yadi masu shinge da aka sa ido, wannan hujja ba ta da mahimmanci, kuma mun faɗi haka - amma don mayar da martani a kan hanyoyin watsawa, filayen sandunan ciyar da abinci a karkara, da kuma layin dogo wanda ke tafiyar kilomita ta cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ina ɗaukar matakin sata a matsayin mafi mahimmanci, haka ma yawancin injiniyoyin wutar lantarki waɗanda suka rayu a lokacin cire tagulla.

Wanne Mai Gudanar da Ayyuka Ya Kamata Ka Bayyana? Tsarin Shawarwari da Aka Gwada a Fage

Idan na zauna da ƙungiyar sayayya, ba ma yin muhawara kan abubuwa a takaice - muna bin tsarin yanke shawara na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma zan ba ku daidai lokacin da muke gudanar da shi:

1. Fara gudanar da binciken matsalar-lalacewa.Idan lissafin IEEE 80 ɗinku ya gyara matsakaicin diamita na mai gudanarwa, kuma jan ƙarfe shine kawai kayan da ya dace da buƙatar haɗin kai a cikin wannan diamita, ƙayyade jan ƙarfe kuma ku tsaya a can.
2. Duba hanyar shigarwa.Dogayen garmaho, daskararrun hanyoyin da za a bi a gaba, da kuma tsawon da za a ɗauka a sama sun fi ƙarfin CCS 560–1040 MPa; gajerun hanyoyin da aka sanya hannu a cikin ramuka a buɗe suna da iyaka mara shinge.
3. Yi la'akari da fallasa sata da gaskiya.Tashar ƙasa mai shinge, mai sa ido: tsaka-tsaki. Hanyar karkara, filayen sanda, layin dogo: CCS,sabodacire ƙimar tarkacen yana kawar da barazanar.
4. Gwada sinadaran ƙasa.Ƙasa ta yau da kullun ta dace da kayan da tsawonsu ya wuce shekaru 50 a kan CCS ɗinmu; ƙasa mai yawan acidic ko kuma mai guba ta sinadarai ta cancanci tattaunawa kafin a fitar da ɗayan kayan.
5. Gyara ma'aunin a kan PO.Don CCS, sanya ASTM B227 don waya da ASTM B228 don mai riƙe da na'urar lantarki mai matakin ƙarfin lantarki (40 HS shine tsoho na amfani); don sunan tagulla, da kake buƙata, dacewar IEC. Umarnin siye wanda ya ce "mai riƙe da na'urar lantarki" kawai yana gayyatar wasannin maye gurbin.

Lura da abin da ba ya cikin wannan jerin: farashin naúrar kowace mita. Da gangan na bar shi don ƙarshe,sabodaKwandasta da aka zaɓa akan farashin mita kaɗai shine mafi ingancin hasashen sake siyan kaya cikin shekaru biyar da na gani a wannan sana'ar. Farashi yana cikin shawarar, amma ya kamata ya kasance bayan kimiyyar lissafi, shigarwa, da kuma bayanan tsaro sun gaya muku wane irin iyali kuke siya.

Ga ayyukan da suka shafi CCS, muWayar ƙarfe mai rufi da tagullaTsarin yana rufe ƙarfin lantarki na IACS 15%–40% tare da layin jan ƙarfe 0.25 mm, ƙarfin juriya daga 560 zuwa 1040 MPa, diamita monofilament na 1.4–3.2 mm, da kuma diamita gaba ɗaya na 4.2–22.5 mm a cikin tsarin zare 7–37 - wanda aka samar a ƙarƙashin ISO 9001 tare da ƙarfin mita 100,000 kowane wata, ana lulluɓe shi da na'urar kuma ana jigilar shi ta Ningbo ko Shanghai. Masu siye waɗanda ke buƙatar gine-ginen da suka makale musamman za su iya duba muShafin kera waya na CCS da ya danne, kuma cikakken iyalin yana ƙarƙashinmunau'in waya mai rufin ƙarfeLokacin da binciken laifin ya nuna akasin haka, namuWayar jan ƙarfe mai tsarki 99.97%jiragen ruwa masu bin ƙa'idodin IEC da CE don layin dogo, sadarwa, da kuma tushen wutar lantarki - kuma idan aikin ya haɗa da haɗa na'urar jagoranci zuwa sanduna ko bututu, jagorarmu ta baya akansiyan kayan walda na thermit don kariyar cathodic na bututun maiYa ƙunshi ɓangaren exothermic. Don bayanan watsa wutar lantarki fiye da bayanan injinmu,Laburaren aikace-aikacen lantarki na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Tagullashine abin da muke nufi da farko ga ƙananan injiniyoyi.